Personalizing health care: feasibility and future implications

Table 2 Examples of tumor-specific biomarkers to determine eligibility for targeted therapy

Disease	Biomarker	Drug	References
Colorectal cancer	KRAS	Cetuximab, panitumumab	[1, 2, 11, 13, 27, 86, 98, 108],[125, 143, 144]
Breast cancer	Estrogen receptor	Tamoxifen	[28–31]
Breast cancer	Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER 2)	Trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, trastuzumab emtansine (TDM1)	[1, 2, 11, 27, 125, 145–154]
Melanoma	BRAF	Vemurafenib, dabrafenib	[34, 112, 155–157]
Non-small cell lung cancer	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)	Gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib	[1, 23, 158–165]
Non-small cell lung cancer	Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) inhibitors	Crizotinib	[91, 163, 166, 167]
Chronic myeloid leukemia	Philadelphia chromosome levels	Imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib	[168, 169]
CCR5-tropic HIV	CXCR4, CCR5 receptors	Maraviroc	[170]
Cystic fibrosis	G551D mutation	Ivacaftor	[88]

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