Table 2 Prevalence and odds ratios for physical health comorbidity, standardised by age and gender
Variable | Bipolar, n (%) | Not bipolar, n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) (Pvalue) |
|---|---|---|---|
No physical condition | 929 (36.0) | 799,179 (56.2) | 0.59 (0.54 to 0.63) (P <0.001) |
One physical condition | 662 (25.6) | 292,651 (20.6) | 1.27 (1.16 to 1.39) (P <0.001) |
Two physical comorbidities | 427 (16.5) | 149,297 (10.5) | 1.45 (1.30 to 1.62) (P <0.001) |
Three or more physical comorbidities | 564 (21.8) | 180,669 (12.7) | 1.44 (1.30 to 1.64) (P <0.001) |
Individual conditions: | Â | Â | Â |
Viral hepatitis | 10 (0.4) | 1,165 (0.1) | 5.69 (3.22 to 10.01) (P <0.001) |
Constipation | 249 (9.4) | 36,167 (2.5) | 3.37 (2.93 to 3.88) (P <0.001) |
Parkinson’s disease/Parkinsonism | 19 (0.7) | 2,722 (0.2) | 3.05 (1.83 to 5.09) (P <0.001) |
Chronic kidney disease | 189 (7.3) | 33,377 (2.4) | 2.42 (2.04 to 2.86) (P <0.001) |
Thyroid disorders | 376 (14.6) | 71,567 (5.0) | 2.39 (2.11 to 2.70) (P <0.001) |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 27 (1.1) | 9,724 (0.7) | 1.99 (1.42 to 2.78) (P <0.001) |
Epilepsy | 47 (1.8) | 12,337 (0.9) | 1.98 (1.46 to 2.66) (P <0.001) |
Pain | 451 (17.5) | 125,680 (8.8) | 1.88 (1.69 to 2.09) (P <0.001) |
Prostate disease | 46 (1.8) | 15,187 (1.1) | 1.71 (1.28 to 2.29) (P <0.001) |
Dyspepsia | 237 (9.2) | 78,967 (5.6) | 1.63 (1.42 to 1.87) (P <0.001) |
Blindness or low vision | 30 (1.2) | 8,348 (0.6) | 1.58 (1.06 to 2.37) (P = 0.02) |
Multiple sclerosis | 16 (0.6) | 3,831 (0.3) | 1.58 (0.87 to 2.86) (P = 0.12) |
Psoriasis or eczema | 31 (1.2) | 10,338 (0.7) | 1.44 (0.98 to 2.10) (P = 0.06) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 169 (6.6) | 52,938 (3.7) | 1.39 (1.17 to 1.65) (P <0.001) |
Irritable bowel syndrome | 148 (5.7) | 51,989 (3.7) | 1.37 (1.14 to 1.64) (P <0.001) |
Diabetes | 218 (8.4) | 74,613 (5.3) | 1.31 (1.13 to 1.53) (P <0.001) |
Liver disease | 6 (0.2) | 2,608 (0.2) | 1.26 (0.56 to 2.82) (P = 0.56) |
Cancer | 115 (4.5) | 43,549 (3.1) | 1.23 (1.00 to 1.54) (P = 0.04) |
Hearing loss | 134 (5.2) | 54,600 (3.8) | 1.18 (0.98 to 1.43) (P = 0.07) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 59 (2.3) | 23,181 (1.6) | 1.18 (0.93 to 1.56) (P = 0.22) |
Asthma | 179 (6.9) | 83,809 (5.9) | 1.16 (0.99 to 1.35) (P = 0.06) |
Heart failure | 47 (1.8) | 18,852 (1.3) | 1.11 (0.80 to 1.53) (P = 0.51) |
Diverticular disease | 89 (3.5) | 33,724 (2.4) | 1.11 (0.87 to 1.41) (P = 0.38) |
Stroke and transient ischaemic attack | 89 (3.5) | 36,456 (2.6) | 1.05 (0.84 to 1.34) (P = 0.63) |
Inflammatory arthritis and related conditions | 119 (4.6) | 57,889 (4.1) | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.17) (P = 0.67) |
Coronary heart disease | 170 (6.6) | 81,297 (5.7) | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.12) (P = 0.51) |
Chronic sinusitis | 17 (0.7) | 9,148 (0.6) | 0.90 (0.54 to 1.49) (P = 0.69) |
Migraine | 18 (0.7) | 9,233 (0.7) | 0.89 (0.54 to 1.49) (P = 0.67) |
Hypertension | 462 (17.9) | 233,852 (16.5) | 0.82 (0.73 to 0.92) (P <0.001) |
Glaucoma | 28 (1.1) | 15,891 (1.2) | 0.82 (0.55 to 1.24) (P = 0.36) |
Atrial fibrillation | 39 (1.4) | 23,937 (1.7) | 0.68 (0.45 to 0.94) (P = 0.02) |
Bronchiectasis | 5 (0.2) | 2,809 (0.2) | 0.78 (0.29 to 2.08) (P = 0.62) |