Table 1 Baseline distribution of lifestyle risk factors, the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort a
From: Lifestyle risk factors and residual life expectancy at age 40: a German cohort study
| Â | Men (n = 10,235) | Women (n = 12,234) |
|---|---|---|
Age, mean (range) | 51.9 (40, 65.8) | 49.3 (40, 66.0) |
Smoking category (%) | Â | Â |
Never smokers | 3,156 (30.8) | 5,808 (47.5) |
Long-term quitters (>10 years) | 3,414 (33.4) | 2,384 (19.5) |
Short-term quitters (≤10 years) | 1,206 (11.8) | 1,194 (9.8) |
Light smokers (≤10 cigarettes/day) | 638 (6.2) | 1,228 (10.0) |
Heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day) | 1,821 (17.8) | 1,620 (13.2) |
Body weight status (%) | Â | Â |
Optimal BMI (22.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) | 2,379 (23.2) | 3,168 (25.9) |
Low BMI (<22.5 kg/m2) | 913 (8.9) | 3,728 (30.5) |
Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2) | 5,262 (51.5) | 3,595 (29.4) |
Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 1,681 (16.4) | 1,743 (14.2) |
Alcoholic drinks/day (%) | Â | Â |
≤2 (men)/ ≤0.5 (women) | 6,060 (59.2) | 7,278 (59.5) |
2.1 to 4 (men)/ 0.6 to 1 (women) | 2,700 (26.4) | 2,649 (21.7) |
>4 (men)/ >1 (women) | 1,475 (14.4) | 2,307 (18.8) |
Leisure time physical activity (%) | Â | Â |
High (≥36 METS-hours/week) | 4,853 (47.4) | 6,043 (49.4) |
Low (<36 METS-hours/week) | 5,382 (52.6) | 6,191 (50.6) |
Processed/red meat consumption (%) | Â | Â |
Low (<120 g/day) | 6,912 (67.5) | 11,118 (90.9) |
High (≥120 g/day) | 3,323 (32.5) | 1,116 (9.1) |
Vegetable/fruit consumption (%) | Â | Â |
High (≥200 g/day) | 5,200 (50.8) | 7,751 (63.4) |
Low (<200 g/day) | 5,035 (49.2) | 4,483 (36.6) |
Cereal consumption (%) | Â | Â |
High (≥200 g/day) | 5,185 (50.7) | 3,931 (32.1) |
Low (<200 g/day) | 5,050 (49.3) | 8,303 (67.9) |
Fish consumption (%) | Â | Â |
High (≥15 g/day) | 6,363 (62.2) | 6,066 (49.6) |
Low (<15 g/day) | 3,872 (37.8) | 6,168 (50.4) |
Dairy product consumption (%) | Â | Â |
Low (<200 g/day) | 5,797 (56.6) | 5,961 (48.7) |
High (≥200 g/day) | 4,438 (43.4) | 6,273 (51.3) |
Education level (%) | Â | Â |
No/primary school | 3,067 (30.0) | 3,176 (26.0) |
Secondary/professional | 3,288 (32.1) | 5,965 (48.7) |
University | 3,880 (37.9) | 3,093 (25.3) |
Self-reported hypertension (%) | Â | Â |
No | 6,886 (67.3) | 9,435 (77.1) |
Yes | 3,349 (32.7) | 2,799 (22.9) |
Self-reported hyperlipidemia (%) | Â | Â |
No | 5,989 (58.5) | 8,769 (71.7) |
Yes | 4,246 (41.5) | 3,465 (28.3) |