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Table 2 Association of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) with fruit and vegetable intakes in 22 intervention studies

From: Association of behaviour change techniques with effectiveness of dietary interventions among adults of retirement age: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BCT

Number of studies or subgroups BCT present Yes (No)

Sample size BCT present Yes (No)

BCT present Mean difference (95% CI)

I2(95% CI)

BCT absent Mean difference (95%CI)

I2(95% CI)

(Mean difference of Mean differences (95%CI))P

Motivational interviewing

7 (18)

10,183 (49503)

52.8 (33.1 to 72.8)

81 (61 to 90)

105.1 (71.4 to 138.7)

97 (95 to 97)

(-52 (-91 to -13)) 0.009

Provide information on consequences of behaviour to the individual

11 (14)

12,488 (9394)

60.1 (45.0 to 75.3)

62 (27 to 80)

109.6 (64.6 to 154.9)

96 (95 to 97)

(-49 (-97 to -2)) 0.040

Prompt review of behavioural goals

5 (20)

7,163 (52562)

69.1 (55.8 to 82.3)

53 (0 to 83)

92.9 (59.7 to 126.1)

97 (96 to 98)

(-24 (-60 to 12)) 0.190

Goal setting (behaviour)

23 (2)

59,323 (402)

89.0 (63.6 to 114.5)

97 (96 to 98)

95.7 (-63.1 to 254.4)

88 (N/A)

(-7 (-166 to 153)) 0.940

Model/Demonstrate the behaviour

6 (19)

3,258 (56467)

91.3 (56.9 to 125.7)

71 (32 to 87)

85.0 (55.9 to 114.2)

95 (97 to 98)

(6 (-39 to 51)) 0.790

Provide instruction on how to perform the behaviour

15 (10)

53,717 (6008)

99.5 (69.6 to 129.5)

97 (96 to 98)

67.8 (34.5 to 101.2)

78 (59 to 88)

(32 (-13 to 77)) 0.170

Provide information on consequences of behaviour in general

18 (7)

53,298 (6427)

97.8 (67.6 to 127.9)

97 (96 to 98)

66.7 (32.3 to 101.1)

86 (74 to 93)

(31 (-15 to 77)) 0.180

Provide feedback on performance

14 (11)

54,563 (5162)

102.5 (68.9 to 136.0)

98 (97 to 98)

63 (37.9 to 88.0)

78 (60 to 87)

(39 (-2 to 81)) 0.060

Goal setting (outcome)

11 (14)

43,702 (16023)

118.1 (74.3 to 161.9)

97 (96 to 98)

62.8 (43.5 to 82.2)

83 (73 to 90)

(55 (7 to 103)) 0.020

Use of follow-up prompts

9 (16)

41,627 (18098)

127.4 (74.1 to 180..7)

95 (92 to 97)

60.9 (43.4 to 78.4)

86 (78 to 91)

(66 (10 to 123)) 0.020

  1. Mean differences and 95%CI are for fruit and vegetable (F and V) intakes in grams/day. P-values correspond to Chi square test for difference between groups (that is, BCT present versus BCT absent). CI, confidence interval.
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BMC Medicine

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