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Table 2 Prevalence and odds ratio for number and type of comorbidities (standardised by age, gender and deprivation score)

From: Visual impairment is associated with physical and mental comorbidities in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Total number of morbidities

Visual impairment Number (%)

No visual impairment Number (%)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

(standardised by age, gender and deprivation)

None

269 (5.0)

41,540 (14.5)

0.43 (0.38 to 0.49)

One

534 (9.9)

56,166 (19.7)

0.55 (0.50 to 0.60)

Two

784 (14.7)

56,927 (19.9)

0.72 (0.67 to 0.78)

Three

935 (17.5)

46,758 (16.4)

1.02 (0.94 to 1.09)

Four

825 (15.4)

33,565 (11.7)

1.17 (1.08 to 1.26)

Five or more

2,001 (37.4)

50,865 (17.8)

2.05 (1.94 to 2.18)

Total number of physical conditions

   

None

339 (16.4)

46,761 (16.4)

0.39 (0.34 to 0.44)

One

681 (12.7)

63,010 (22.1)

0.59 (0.55 to 0.64)

Two

992 (18.6)

61,917 (21.7)

0.84 (0.78 to 0.90)

Three

1,047 (19.6)

47,356 (16.6)

1.12 (1.04 to 1.19)

Four

840 (15.7)

31,054 (10.9)

1.28 (1.19 to 1.35)

Five or more

1,449 (27.1)

35,723 (12.5)

1.99 (1.87 to 2.12)

Total number of mental health conditions

   

None

3,242 (60.6)

217,579 (76.1)

0.63 (0.59 to 0.67)

One

1,303 (24.4)

46,993 (16.4)

1.32 (1.23 to 1.41)

Two

606 (11.3)

17,036 (6.0)

1.53 (1.40 to 1.67)

Three or more

197 (3.7)

4,213 (1.5)

1.76 (1.51 to 2.04)

  1. All difference significant at P <0.001.