From: Prevalence, distribution, and social determinants of tobacco use in 30 sub-Saharan African countries
Men | Women | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking | P value | SLT use | P value | Smoking | P value | SLT use | P value | |
aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |||||
Age group | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
15–19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
20–29 | 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) | 1.22 (1.10, 1.34) | 1.62 (1.47, 1.80) | 1.98 (1.82, 2.15) | ||||
30–39 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) | 1.77 (1.60, 1.96) | 2.58 (2.28, 2.91) | 4.08 (3.70, 4.49) | ||||
40–49 | 1.22 (1.14, 1.32) | 2.93 (2.61, 3.29) | 4.30 (3.36, 5.51) | 8.37 (6.70, 10.44) | ||||
≥50¶ | 5.31 (4.75, 5.93) | 7.03 (5.76, 8.59) | – | – | ||||
Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Higher | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Secondary | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) | 1.15 (1.05, 1.26) | 1.80 (1.59, 2.04) | 1.49 (1.36, 1.64) | ||||
Primary | 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) | 1.75 (1.56, 1.96) | 1.88 (1.60, 2.22) | 2.97 (2.56, 3.46) | ||||
No education | 1.80 (1.61, 2.00) | 2.62 (2.04, 3.36) | 2.00 (1.47, 2.72) | 10.68 (6.60, 17.26) | ||||
Wealth index | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Richest | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Richer | 1.16 (1.10, 1.23) | 1.30 (1.18, 1.43) | 1.13 (1.00, 1.28) | 1.33 (1.21, 1.47) | ||||
Middle | 1.23 (1.16, 1.31) | 1.32 (1.18, 1.47) | 1.27 (1.10, 1.46) | 1.49 (1.34, 1.66) | ||||
Poorer | 1.38 (1.29, 1.48) | 1.92 (1.68, 2.18) | 1.37 (1.18, 1.58) | 2.05 (1.79, 2.34) | ||||
Poorest | 1.51 (1.39, 1.64) | 2.89 (2.40, 3.50) | 1.24 (1.02, 1.50) | 3.36 (2.71, 4.16) | ||||
Religion | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Islam | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Catholic | 1.67 (1.53, 1.83) | 1.62 (1.33, 1.99) | 1.95 (1.49, 2.54) | 1.52 (1.18, 1.96) | ||||
Protestant | 1.40 (1.30, 1.50) | 0.88 (0.77, 0.99) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | 0.77 (0.67, 0.90) | ||||
Other Christian† | 2.08 (1.92, 2.26) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) | 2.10 (1.70, 2.59) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) | ||||
No Religion* | 2.48 (2.30, 2.67) | 1.56 (1.34, 1.82) | 2.37 (1.91, 2.94) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.35) | ||||
Marital status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Not in Union | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Married | 1.66 (1.52, 1.82) | 1.21 (1.02, 1.44) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.16) | ||||
Living Together | 1.93 (1.78, 2.09) | 1.29 (1.12, 1.49) | 1.58 (1.39, 1.80) | 1.25 (1.13, 1.38) | ||||
Single¥ | 2.07 (1.89, 2.26) | 1.48 (1.26, 1.75) | 2.04 (1.68, 2.49) | 1.79 (1.48, 2.16) | ||||
Residence | <0.001 | 0.878 | <0.001 | 0.288 | ||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Rural | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 1.52 (1.31, 1.76) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | ||||
Occupation | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.051 | <0.001 | ||||
Unemployed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Professional× | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) | 0.85 (0.76, 0.93) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | 0.88 (0.76, 1.02) | ||||
Agriculture | 1.37 (1.28, 1.46) | 1.29 (1.13, 1.49) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.23) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.54) | ||||
Unskilled | 1.82 (1.68, 1.97) | 1.71 (1.44, 2.04) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.40) | 1.11 (0.94, 1.30) |