From: Anaemia and blood transfusion in African children presenting to hospital with severe febrile illness
 | Kenya | Uganda | Tanzania | TOTAL | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | Kilifi | Mulago | Soroti | Lacor | Mbale | Teule | Â |
Children with admission Hb | 215 | 745 | 629 | 232 | 1,164 | 97 | 3,082 |
ADMISSION FINDINGS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Severe pallor | 77 (36%) | 310 (42%) | 364 (58%) | 122 (53%) | 648 (56%) | 54 (56%) | 1,575 (51%) |
Jaundice | 1 (<1%) | 55 (7%) | 169 (27%) | 27 (12%) | 721 (62%) | 1 (1%) | 974 (32%) |
Haemoglobinuria | 1 (<1%) | 46 (6%) | 136 (22%) | 26 (11%) | 174 (15%) | 2 (2%) | 385 (13%) |
Malaria parasitaemia | 87 (40%) | 369 (50%) | 338 (54%) | 160 (69%) | 742 (64%) | 53 (55%) | 1,749 (57%) |
BLOOD TRANSFUSION | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
All children | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Received any transfusion (%) | 45 (21%) | 251 (34%) | 332 (53%) | 97 (42%) | 616 (53%) | 46 (47%) | 1,387 (45%) |
Received one or more re-transfusions (% of those transfused) | 1 (2%) | 82 (33%) | 68 (20%) | 14 (14%) | 150 (24%) | 2 (4%) | 317 (23%) |
Severe anaemia (Hb <5Â g/dL) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
At admission | 28 (13%) | 172 (23%) | 269 (43%) | 59 (25%) | 452 (39%) | 22 (23%) | 1,002 (33%) |
At 8Â hours* | 15/193 (8%) | 93/704 (13%) | 90/534 (17%) | 40/204 (20%) | 174/1,078 (16%) | 16/83 (19%) | 428/2,796 (15%) |
At 24Â hours* | 13/191 (7%) | 46/687 (7%) | 59/568 (10%) | 31/197 (16%) | 89/1,032 (9%) | 4/79 (5%) | 242/2,754 (9%) |
Received any transfusion (%) | 26 (93%) | 156 (91%) | 250 (93%) | 56 (95%) | 425 (94%) | 20 (91%) | 933 (94%) |
Received one or more re-transfusions (% of those transfused) | 1 (4%) | 65 (42%) | 61 (24%) | 14 (25%) | 133 (31%) | 1 (5%) | 275 (29%) |
Moderate anaemia (Hb 5 to <7Â g/dL) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
At admission | 32 (15%) | 110 (15%) | 81 (13%) | 51 (22%) | 204 (18%) | 23 (24%) | 501 (16%) |
At 8Â hours* | 39/193 (20%) | 191/704 (27%) | 185/534 (35%) | 68/204 (33%) | 326/1,078 (30%) | 27/83 (33%) | 836/2,796 (30%) |
At 24Â hours* | 39/191 (20%) | 163/687 (24%) | 182/568 (32%) | 71/197 (36%) | 329/1,032 (32%) | 20/79 (25%) | 804/2,754 (29%) |
Received any transfusion (%) | 16 (50%) | 76 (69%) | 58 (72%) | 30 (59%) | 150 (74%) | 21 (91%) | 351 (70%) |
Received one or more re-transfusions (% of those transfused) | 0 (0%) | 17 (22%) | 7 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (11%) | 1 (5%) | 41 (12%) |
Mild anaemia (Hb 7 to <10Â g/dL) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
At admission | 88 (41%) | 198 (27%) | 148 (24%) | 83 (36%) | 301 (26%) | 25 (26%) | 843 (27%) |
At 8Â hours* | 106/193 (55%) | 267/704 (27%) | 210/534 (39%) | 75/204 (37%) | 429/1,078 (39%) | 32/83 (39%) | 1,119/2,796 (40%) |
At 24Â hours* | 105/191 (55%) | 309/687 (45%) | 239/568 (42%) | 76/197 (39%) | 474/1,032 (46%) | 41/79 (52%) | 1,244/2,754 (45%) |
Received any transfusion (%) | 3 (3%) | 19 (10%) | 22 (15%) | 11 (13%) | 40 (13%) | 4 (16%) | 99 (12%) |
Received one or more transfusions (% of those transfused) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) |
MORTALITY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Died by 48Â hours | 21 (10%) | 62 (8%) | 58 (9%) | 36 (16%) | 108 (9%) | 20 (21%) | 305 (10%) |
Died by 28Â days | 26 (12%) | 76 (10%) | 70 (11%) | 41 (18%) | 118 (10%) | 22 (23%) | 353 (12%) |