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Table 1 Baseline characteristics by randomization group

From: Procalcitonin and pyuria-based algorithm reduces antibiotic use in urinary tract infections: a randomized controlled trial

 

Control group

PCT/Pyuria group

P value a

n

64

61

 

Demographics

   

 Age, median (IQR), y

75 (51–80)

71 (44–81)

0.65

 Females, n (%)

52 (81%)

43 (70%)

0.16

Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR)

4 (1-7)

3 (0-6)

0.20

Clinical history, n (%)

   

 Dysuria

27 (42%)

29 (48%)

0.55

 Urinary urgency

27 (43%)

22 (36%)

0.44

 Frequent urination

23 (36%)

24 (39%)

0.69

 Flank pain

20 (31%)

21 (34%)

0.71

Clinical findings, median (IQR)

   

 Confusion, n (%)

16 (25%)

13 (21%)

0.63

 Body temperature, °C

37.7 (36.9–38.6)

38.2 (37.0–39.0)

0.20

 Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

128 (110–145)

120 (108–135)

0.055

 Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg

69 (60–80)

70 (60–79)

0.85

 Respiratory rate, breaths/min

16 (15–20)

16 (14–18)

0.18

Laboratory findings, median (IQR)

   

 Leukocyte count, × 109cells/L

10.77 (7.83–14.34)

12.28 (9.18–15.65)

0.12

 C-reactive protein, mg/L

34 (9–142)

44 (7–131)

0.84

 PCT, μg/L

0.20 (0.08–1.34)

0.32 (0.11–1.32)

0.68

 PCT ≥0.25 μg/L, n (%)

29 (45%)

33 (54%)

0.33

 Serum creatinine, μmol/L

100 (77–136)

93 (74–117)

0.60

 Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L

6.5 (4.9–10.2)

6.3 (4.6–9.3)

0.64

Bacteremic patients, n (%)

19 (30%)

9 (15%)

0.045

Final diagnosis, n (%)

   

 Uncomplicated simple UTI

6 (9%)

2 (3%)

0.36

 Complicated simple UTI

12 (19%)

16 (26%)

 

 Uncomplicated febrile UTI/pyelonephritis

8 (13%)

9 (15%)

 

 Complicated febrile UTI/pyelonephritis

34 (53%)

33 (54%)

 

 Other final diagnosisb

4 (6%)

1 (2%)

 

Complicated UTI

46 (72%)

49 (80%)

0.27

 Male patients

12 (19%)

18 (30%)

0.16

 Patients older than or equal 70 years

35 (55%)

34 (56%)

0.91

 Patients with symptoms longer than 7 days

10 (16%)

7 (12%)

0.50

 Patients with antibiotic therapy in the last 30 days

5 (8%)

10 (16%)

0.14

 Patients with diabetes

16 (25%)

8 (13%)

0.092

 Patients with recurrent UTIs

5 (8%)

9 (15%)

0.22

 Patients with urologic interventions in the last 30 days

3 (5%)

2 (3%)

0.69

 Patients with anatomic abnormalities

2 (3%)

5 (8%)

0.22

 Patients with immunosuppression

0

2 (3%)

0.14

Patients from long-term healthcare facilities

5 (8%)

4 (7%)

0.79

Hospitalized patients, n (%)

45 (70%)

45 (74%)

0.67

  1. aχ2 test for categorical variables, 2-sample t-test for continuous variables.
  2. bProstatitis (n = 2), infected kidney cyst (n = 1), endocarditis (n = 1), fibromyalgia syndrome (n = 1).
  3. IQR, Interquartile range; y, Years.
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