Risk of tuberculosis in patients with diabetes: population based cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Table 3 Univariate and multivariable associations between diabetes and other risk factors for tuberculosis

Variable	Crude rate ratio	Adjusted rate ratio^a
Variable	(95 % CI)	(95 % CI)
No diabetes	1.00	1.00
Diabetes	1.20 (1.02–1.41)	1.30 (1.01–1.66)
Age (per 1 year increase)	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	1.03 (1.02–1.04)
Smoking
Non-smoker	1.00	1.00
Ex-smoker	1.23 (1.06–1.44)	1.27 (1.00–1.61)
Current smoker	1.73 (1.48–2.03)	1.67 (1.27–2.19)
Alcohol intake
Non-drinker	1.00	1.00
Ex-drinker	0.64 (0.44–0.94)	1.00 (0.58–1.73)
Moderate drinker	0.50 (0.42–0.59)	0.86 (0.65–1.13)
Heavy drinker	0.66 (0.51–0.85)	1.04 (0.69–1.59)
BMI^b
<20	1.00	1.00
20- < 25	0.41 (0.33–0.51)	0.62 (0.42–0.90)
25- < 30	0.26 (0.21–0.32)	0.35 (0.24–0.51)
≥30	0.21 (0.17–0.27)	0.29 (0.19–0.45)
Ethnicity
White	1.00	1.00
South Asian	9.41 (7.48–11.84)	10.77 (7.84–14.81)
Black	3.47 (2.11–5.72)	2.28 (1.01–5.16)
Mixed or Other	2.84 (1.70–4.75)	2.50 (1.23–5.07)
Index of Multiple Deprivation^c
1 – Least deprived	1.00	1.00
2	1.45 (1.10–1.91)	1.24 (0.89–1.72)
3	1.38 (1.03–1.84)	1.19 (0.85–1.67)
4	1.76 (1.33–2.33)	1.36 (0.97–1.90)
5 – Most deprived	2.31 (1.75–3.04)	1.47 (1.05–2.07)
Consultation rate^d
1^st tertile (0–6)	1.00	N/A
2^nd tertile (7–12)	2.08 (1.71–2.54)
3^rd tertile (13-maximum)	4.58 (3.81–5.51)
Total number of consultations^e
1^st tertile (1–15)	1.00	N/A
2^nd tertile (16–49)	0.54 (0.46–0.63)
3^rd tertile (50-maximum)	0.26 (0.23–0.31)

^aModel includes: diabetes, age, smoking status, alcohol status, BMI, ethnicity and index of multiple deprivation
^bBMI: body mass index in kg/m²
^cIndex of multiple deprivation in quintiles and available for English patients only
^dConsultation rate defined as number of face to face consultations per year of follow-up; tertiles in order of increasing consultation rate
^eConsultation number defined as total number of face to face consultations during patient follow-up; tertiles in order of increasing number of consultations
CI confidence interval, NA not available

ISSN: 1741-7015