Table 3 Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics of the study population (n = 5249) and their associations with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological distress at 1 year after diagnosis as measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30, EQ-5D, and HADS
| Â | HRQoL | Psychological distress | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generic HRQoL | Cancer-specific HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) | Â | ||||||
EQ-5D indexa | Physical function | Emotional function | Global health | Pain | Fatigue | Anxiety | Depression | |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Age group, years | ||||||||
  < 45 | 0.76 (0.22) | 81.9 (21.5) | 77.8 (24.0) | 67.0 (23.0) | 19.2 (24.1) | 21.6 (24.0) | 570 (36) | 678 (43) |
 45–54 | 0.75 (0.22) | 80.9 (21.9) | 76.7 (24.2) | 67.5 (21.1) | 20.7 (25.7) | 23.5 (24.6) | 513 (33) | 663 (42) |
 55–64 | 0.73 (0.23) | 77.9 (22.1) | 75.8 (24.4) | 65.9 (21.0) | 22.1 (24.9) | 26.1 (24.9) | 519 (38) | 644 (47) |
  ≥ 65 | 0.67 (0.25) | 70.5 (26.1) | 72.6 (28.0) | 62.6 (23.3) | 31.4 (28.3) | 31.4 (28.3) | 330 (45) | 408 (56) |
Sex | ||||||||
 Female | 0.75 (0.22) | 80.1 (21.7) | 76.8 (24.4) | 66.2 (18.1) | 20.2 (24.5) | 23.9 (24.8) | 1262 (35) | 1560 (43) |
 Male | 0.71 (0.24) | 76.5 (24.8) | 75.0 (25.5) | 62.3 (20.0) | 24.1 (27.0) | 26.6 (26.0) | 671 (42) | 834 (52) |
Marital status | ||||||||
 Married | 0.74 (0.23) | 79.2 (22.5) | 76.5 (24.3) | 66.7 (21.6) | 21.5 (25.3) | 24.6 (25.0) | 1501 (37) | 1845 (46) |
 Not married | 0.73 (0.23) | 78.3 (23.6) | 75.5 (26.3) | 64.9 (23.5) | 21.1 (25.7) | 24.9 (26.1) | 432 (36) | 549 (46) |
Level of education | ||||||||
 0–6 years (primary) | 0.73 (0.23) | 77.8 (24.1) | 77.1 (24.8) | 68.1 (21.6) | 21.5 (26.1) | 24.2 (25.7) | 641 (33) | 849 (44) |
 7–12 years (secondary) | 0.74 (0.23) | 79.1 (21.8) | 75.4 (24.2) | 64.3 (21.4) | 22.1 (24.8) | 25.7 (24.7) | 908 (42) | 1088 (50) |
  > 12 years (tertiary) | 0.75 (0.22) | 80.8 (22.2) | 76.3 (25.8) | 66.8 (23.5) | 19.9 (25.2) | 23.7 (25.4) | 384 (33) | 457 (40) |
Household income | ||||||||
 Low (0–75%) | 0.71 (0.23) | 76.5 (24.9) | 74.0 (25.8) | 64.9 (23.2) | 23.3 (27.0) | 25.4 (26.4) | 712 (43) | 818 (50) |
 Med (75–125%) | 0.72 (0.23) | 78.3 (21.8) | 76.0 (24.3) | 65.1 (22.1) | 21.5 (24.9) | 23.6 (24.2) | 420 (40) | 526 (50) |
 High (> 125%) | 0.78 (0.22) | 81.6 (21.2) | 78.0 (24.4) | 67.1 (20.7) | 18.7 (23.8) | 24.0 (24.5) | 510 (28) | 685 (38) |
Health insurance | ||||||||
 Yes | 0.75 (0.22) | 78.6 (24.2) | 76.9 (24.8) | 68.0 (21.4) | 22.7 (26.3) | 25.9 (26.1) | 813 (36) | 1022 (46) |
 No | 0.73 (0.23) | 79.3 (21.6) | 75.7 (24.8) | 64.9 (22.4) | 20.4 (24.6) | 23.8 (24.5) | 1120 (38) | 1372 (46) |
Economic hardship | ||||||||
 Yes | 0.73 (0.23) | 77.1 (24.9) | 75.2 (25.9) | 67.8 (22.0) | 23.6 (27.5) | 26.6 (27.1) | 949 (36) | 1217 (46) |
 No | 0.75 (0.22) | 80.9 (20.2) | 77.3 (23.6) | 64.7 (22.0) | 19.2 (22.8) | 22.8 (23.0) | 984 (38) | 1177 (45) |
Paid work | ||||||||
 Yes | 0.75 (0.22) | 80.9 (22.2) | 77.0 (24.9) | 67.3 (21.8) | 19.5 (25.1) | 22.7 (24.8) | 787 (32) | 996 (40) |
 No | 0.72 (0.23) | 77.2 (23.2) | 75.5 (24.7) | 65.3 (22.2) | 23.1 (25.6) | 26.5 (25.5) | 1146 (42) | 1398 (51) |
Cancer stage at diagnosis | ||||||||
 Stage I | 0.81 (0.20) | 85.7 (15.8) | 82.3 (18.9) | 74.2 (18.3) | 12.5 (18.0) | 16.6 (19.5) | 99 (23) | 141 (32) |
 Stage II | 0.79 (0.21) | 83.6 (18.6) | 79.9 (22.8) | 71.5 (18.9) | 15.7 (21.1) | 20.0 (22.0) | 323 (27) | 424 (36) |
 Stage III | 0.75 (0.22) | 79.6 (23.3) | 76.0 (25.3) | 69.0 (21.6) | 20.4 (26.1) | 24.0 (25.6) | 296 (30) | 400 (41) |
 Stage IV | 0.65 (0.24) | 69.8 (29.0) | 63.4 (34.7) | 57.0 (23.8) | 32.6 (32.0) | 36.6 (32.3) | 265 (47) | 327 (58) |
 None (hematological cancers) | 0.67 (0.23) | 77.4 (18.6) | 77.9 (18.6) | 44.7 (26.8) | 21.1 (21.0) | 22.1 (19.6) | 308 (71) | 313 (72) |
Treatmentb | ||||||||
  Surgery | 0.78 (0.22) | 82.1 (21.2) | 78.7 (25.2) | 69.9 (20.5) | 17.9 (24.5) | 22.1 (25.3) | 1051 (36) | 1051 (36) |
  No surgery | 0.68 (0.23) | 74.8 (24.1) | 72.9 (24.1) | 61.4 (23.2) | 25.7 (25.8) | 27.9 (24.9) | 1123 (51) | 1322 (60) |
  Radiotherapy | 0.73 (0.22) | 78.6 (22.5) | 76.1 (24.4) | 67.0 (21.7) | 20.1 (24.9) | 25.3 (25.0) | 881 (36) | 1123 (46) |
  No radiotherapy | 0.74 (0.23) | 79.2 (22.9) | 76.2 (25.3) | 65.5 (22.5) | 22.5 (25.8) | 24.0 (25.5) | 1026 (38) | 1248 (46) |
  Chemotherapy | 0.73 (0.23) | 78.6 (22.7) | 75.2 (25.2) | 65.0 (22.9) | 21.7 (25.6) | 25.3 (25.6) | 1330 (38) | 1652 (47) |
  No chemotherapy | 0.76 (0.23) | 79.7 (23.0) | 78.4 (23.9) | 69.0 (20.2) | 20.2 (24.7) | 23.1 (24.6) | 580 (36) | 732 (45) |
Pre-existing chronic conditions | ||||||||
 0 | 0.74 (0.23) | 79.6 (22.4) | 76.8 (24.0) | 66.3 (22.0) | 21.1 (25.1) | 24.0 (24.8) | 1503 (37) | 1853 (46) |
 1 | 0.74 (0.23) | 79.0 (22.8) | 77.2 (24.7) | 66.5 (21.7) | 20.4 (24.8) | 24.2 (24.9) | 266 (32) | 357 (43) |
  ≥ 2 | 0.67 (0.23) | 71.5 (25.1) | 67.5 (31.7) | 64.8 (23.7) | 27.5 (29.5) | 34.6 (29.3) | 159 (45) | 177 (50) |