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Table 2 Cardiometabolic markers across pregnancy between randomised treatment groups

From: The effect of an antenatal lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese women on circulating cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers: secondary analyses from the LIMIT randomised trial

Outcome

Lifestyle intervention group

Standard care group

Estimated effect (95% CI) (unadjusted)

P value (unadjusted)

Estimated effect (95% CI) (adjusted)a

P value (adjusted)

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

   

0.856*

 

0.866*

 Baseline

5.48 (1.22)

5.54 (1.22)

–0.04 (–0.17, 0.09)

0.521

–0.04 (–0.17, 0.09)

0.512

 28 weeks

6.49 (1.47)

6.59 (1.47)

–0.07 (–0.20, 0.07)

0.320

–0.06 (–0.19, 0.08)

0.396

 36 weeks

6.76 (1.51)

6.83 (1.55)

–0.08 (–0.21, 0.06)

0.273

–0.08 (–0.22, 0.06)

0.265

CRPb,c (mg/L)

   

0.284*

 

0.338*

 Baseline

6.82 (4.04, 11.34)

6.47 (3.36, 11.32)

1.09 (1.01, 1.18)

0.032

1.08 (1.01, 1.17)

0.036

 28 weeks

6.40 (3.67, 10.43)

5.92 (3.19, 10.18)

1.12 (1.03, 1.21)

0.006

1.11 (1.03, 1.20)

0.006

 36 weeks

5.35 (3.08, 8.85)

4.55 (2.49, 8.18)

1.15 (1.06, 1.25)

<0.001

1.14 (1.05, 1.23)

0.001

Glucose (mmol/L)

   

0.775*

 

0.690*

 Baseline

4.78 (0.94)

4.76 (0.97)

0.01 (–0.10, 0.12)

0.864

0.01 (–0.10, 0.11)

0.910

 28 weeks

4.89 (1.32)

4.83 (1.38)

0.06 (–0.05, 0.17)

0.299

0.07 (–0.04, 0.18)

0.227

 36 weeks

5.12 (1.19)

5.08 (1.13)

0.04 (–0.08, 0.16)

0.534

0.03 (–0.08, 0.14)

0.622

HDL (mmol/L)

   

0.634*

 

0.577*

 Baseline

1.43 (0.37)

1.44 (0.36)

0.00 (–0.03, 0.04)

0.976

0.00 (–0.03, 0.04)

0.938

 28 weeks

1.49 (0.39)

1.48 (0.40)

0.01 (–0.03, 0.05)

0.589

0.01 (–0.02, 0.05)

0.492

 36 weeks

1.37 (0.36)

1.39 (0.39)

–0.00 (–0.04, 0.03)

0.807

–0.00 (–0.04, 0.03)

0.860

Insulinb,c (μIU/mL)

 28 weeks

18.92 (13.35, 27.16)

18.42 (13.57, 26.07)

1.03 (0.96, 1.10)

0.419

1.02 (0.96, 1.09)

0.471

Adiponectinb (μg/mL)

   

0.097*

 

0.117*

 Trial entry

8.16 (5.81, 12.15)

8.66 (6.31, 11.96)

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

0.656

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

0.650

 28 weeks

7.46 (5.07, 10.61)

7.67 (5.60, 10.80)

0.95 (0.89, 1.00)

0.046

0.94 (0.89, 1.00)

0.034

 36 weeks

7.83 (5.76, 10.83)

7.98 (5.73, 11.25)

1.00 (0.95, 1.06)

0.989

0.99 (0.94, 1.05)

0.787

Leptinb (ng/mL)

   

0.257*

 

0.241*

 Trial entry

52.21 (37.76, 69.66)

48.66 (35.12, 68.19)

1.04 (0.99, 1.09)

0.145

1.03 (0.99, 1.08)

0.160

 28 weeks

60.87 (43.74, 79.72)

59.41 (43.07, 82.31)

1.00 (0.95, 1.05)

0.933

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

0.759

 36 weeks

54.15 (36.68, 74.20)

54.49 (36.76, 74.39)

1.02 (0.97, 1.08)

0.380

1.02 (0.97, 1.07)

0.538

NEFAb,c (mmol/L)

 28 weeks

0.34 (0.21, 0.47)

0.35 (0.23, 0.47)

0.97 (0.90, 1.03)

0.316

0.96 (0.90, 1.03)

0.271

Triglyceridesb (mmol/L)

 28 weeks

2.15 (1.73, 2.64)

2.15 (1.69, 2.69)

1.00 (0.96, 1.03)

0.908

1.00 (0.97, 1.04)

0.941

LDL (mmol/L)

 28 weeks

4.54 (1.39)

4.65 (1.41)

0.10 (–0.04, 0.24)

0.152

0.09 (–0.05, 0.23)

0.192

  1. aAdjustment for centre, parity, BMI category (stratification variables), Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage quintile, smoking status, and maternal age at consent
  2. bOutcomes log transformed for analysis; the descriptives presented for these outcomes are median and interquartile range. Model estimates for these outcomes have been back-transformed to the original scale, and are therefore ratios of geometric means (approximately ratios of medians) (Intervention/Routine Care)
  3. cOutcomes modelled using Tobit regression due to presence of values below and/or above detectable limits
  4. For outcomes with repeated measures, numbers represent the number of women with a measure at any of the three timepoints (hence included in the model); for outcomes with only one time point, numbers are the number of women with a measure at that time
  5. All other outcomes, are mean and standard deviation, and model estimates are differences in means
  6. *P values for the time-by-treatment interaction term (i.e. testing whether the effect of treatment differed by time point)
  7. CRP C-reactive protein, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NEFA non-esterified fatty acids, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
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BMC Medicine

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