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Table 7 Among those with 12-month SAD, percent reporting treatment in the past 12 months by Sheehan impairment severity

From: The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative

Sector of treatment

Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) categorya

Mild impairment

Moderate impairment

Severe impairment

Any impairment

(Score: 1–3)

(Score: 4–6)

(Score: 7–10)

%

SE

Comparison between countriesb

%

SE

Comparison between countriesb

%

SE

Comparison between countriesb

%

SE

Comparison between countriesb

Specialty mental healthc

 Low/lower-middle income

10.7

6.0

χ2 = 1.4, P = 0.25

5.2

2.4

χ2 = 3.4*, P = 0.03

6.3

2.3

χ2 = 33.4*, P < 0.001

7.8

1.9

χ2 = 32.6*, P < 0.001

 Upper-middle income

13.9

4.2

12.4

2.6

15.3

3.0

13.2

1.7

 High income

19.2

2.0

12.6

1.4

34.4

1.7

23.3

0.9

 All countries combined

17.5

1.7

 

11.7

1.1

 

27.7

1.4

 

19.8

0.8

 

General medicald

 Low/lower-middle income

–

–

χ2 = 14.4*, P < 0.001

9.9

3.7

χ2 = 5.1*, P = 0.01

7.0

2.4

χ2 = 44.8*, P < 0.001

7.8

1.7

χ2 = 65.6*, P < 0.001

 Upper-middle income

13.8

3.9

12.3

3.1

15.0

2.8

13.7

1.7

 High income

28.8

2.2

20.9

1.9

39.0

1.9

30.8

1.1

 All countries combined

23.9

1.8

 

17.8

1.5

 

31.0

1.5

 

25.2

0.9

 

Health caree

 Low/lower-middle income

12.4

6.0

χ2 = 8.6*, P < 0.001

15.0

4.1

χ2 = 3.3*, P = 0.04

12.7

3.2

χ2 = 43.7*, P < 0.001

14.5

2.6

χ2 = 54.3*, P < 0.001

 Upper-middle income

23.6

4.6

22.6

3.4

26.0

3.6

23.7

1.9

 High income

36.7

2.3

26.7

2.0

54.6

1.9

40.9

1.1

 All countries combined

32.0

2.0

 

24.5

1.6

 

44.6

1.6

 

34.9

0.9

 

Human servicesf

 Low/lower-middle income

–

–

χ2 = 5.1*, P = 0.01

–

–

χ2 = 0.3, P = 0.76

3.5

1.7

χ2 = 5.1*, P = 0.01

3.4

1.3

χ2 = 2.5, P = 0.08

 Upper-middle income

4.5

2.4

4.8

2.0

2.3

1.2

3.6

1.1

 High income

7.7

1.6

3.5

0.8

7.1

1.0

5.7

0.5

 All countries combined

6.5

1.2

 

3.9

0.8

 

5.8

0.7

 

5.1

0.5

 

CAMg

 Low/lower-middle income

–

–

–

–

–

χ2 = 14.3*, P < 0.001

–

–

χ2 = 12.5*, P < 0.001

1.6

0.6

χ2 = 26.9*, P < 0.001

 Upper-middle income

–

–

2.7

1.4

2.5

1.2

2.3

0.7

 High income

9.1

1.7

5.2

0.9

8.5

1.0

7.8

0.6

 All countries combined

7.3

1.3

 

4.0

0.7

 

6.6

0.8

 

6.1

0.5

 

Non-health careh

 Low/lower-middle income

–

–

χ2 = 6.3*, P < 0.001

–

–

χ2 = 0.2, P = 0.80

4.7

1.8

χ2 = 11.9*, P < 0.001

4.5

1.4

χ2 = 15.1*, P < 0.001

 Upper-middle income

5.0

2.4

7.3

2.3

4.7

1.7

5.6

1.3

 High income

13.7

1.9

7.6

1.1

13.6

1.3

11.7

0.7

 All countries combined

11.3

1.5

 

7.2

1.0

 

11.0

1.0

 

9.8

0.6

 

Any treatmenti

 Low/lower-middle income

15.9

6.1

χ2 = 9.2*, P < 0.001

20.2

4.9

χ2 = 2.0, P = 0.13

15.3

3.4

χ2 = 44.5*, P < 0.001

18.0

2.7

χ2 = 52.3*, P < 0.001

 Upper-middle income

26.6

4.7

24.6

3.5

27.2

3.7

25.7

2.1

 High income

41.8

2.5

29.5

2.0

57.1

1.9

44.2

1.1

 All countries combined

36.6

2.1

 

27.4

1.7

 

46.9

1.6

 

38.0

1.0

 
  1. *Significant at the 0.05 level
  2. A dash was inserted for low cell counts (<5 cases)
  3. aHighest severity category across four SDS role domains
  4. bChi-square test of homogeneity to determine if there is variation in prevalence of treatment estimates across countries. Chi-square test is only generated where there is more than one stable cell (> = 5 cases) for each combination of treatment sector and Sheehan impairment
  5. cThe mental health specialist sector, which includes psychiatrist and non-psychiatrist mental health specialists (psychiatrist, psychologist, or other non-psychiatrist mental health professional; social worker or counselor in a mental health specialty setting; use of a mental health helpline; or overnight admissions for a mental health or drug or alcohol problems, with a presumption of daily contact with a psychiatrist)
  6. dThe general medical sector (general practitioner, other medical doctor, nurse, occupational therapist, or any health care professional)
  7. eThe mental health specialist sector or the general medical sector
  8. fThe human services sector (religious or spiritual advisor or social worker or counselor in any setting other than a specialty mental health setting)
  9. gThe CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) sector (any other type of healer such as herbalist or homeopath, participation in an Internet support group, or participation in a self-help group)
  10. hThe human services sector or CAM
  11. iRespondents who sought any form of professional treatments listed in the footnotes above
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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