Table 2 Prospective studies of risk factors for postoperative mortality among older adults undergoing elective surgery
Study | Number of patients | Number of deaths | Factors associated with postoperative mortality | Factors not associated with postoperative mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | ||||
Audisio, 2008 [1] | 460 | 16 | 3.5 | Male sex (6.5% vs. 2.0%), more advanced cancer stage (P = 0.001) | Age (P > 0.05) |
Badgwell, 2013 [2] | 111 | 2 | 2 | NR | No clinical, demographic, or CGA results were associated with morbidity or death |
Betomvuko, 2015 [57] | 94 | 4 | 4.2 | Gait speed (0.68 ± 0.23 m/s vs. 0.43 ± 0.06 m/s, P = 0.037) | NR |
Gerude, 2014 [30] | 67 | 3 | 4.5 | Male sex, IADL impairment | NR |
Javierre, 2012 [32] | 2038 | 74 | 3.6 | Age (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.52–3.43) | Male sex (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.56–1.56) |
Kim, 2013 [51] | 141 | 6 | 4.3 | NR | Cumulative number of impairments on CGA (OR 1.216, 95% CI 0.864–1.712, for death or post-discharge institutionalization) |
Sundermann, 2014 [3] | 455 | 28 | 6.1 | CAF score (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.06–1.12), FORECAST score (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5), EuroSCORE (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.03–1.1), STS score (OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.5) | NR |
Tamburino, 2011 [55] | 663 | 39 | 5.9 | Diabetes mellitus (HR 2.66, 95% CI 1.26–5.65), LVEF < 40% (HR 3.51, 95% CI 1.62–7.62) | EuroSCORE (c-statistic 0.55) |
Wenaweser, 2011 [56] | 200 | 15 | 7.5 | BMI < 20 (HR 6.60, 95% CI 1.48–29.5), stroke (HR 4.41, 95% CI 1.16–16.8) | Age > 85 years (HR 1.69, 95% CI 0.17–16.5), male sex (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.32–2.52), diabetes (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.21–2.67), CHF (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.25–2.47), COPD (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.38–4.79), hypertension (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.34–4.24), prior MI (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.14–2.75), LVEF > 50% (HR 4.42, 95% CI 0.55–35.5), atrial fibrillation (HR 1.75, 95% CI 0.59–5.21) |
Williams, 2013 [53] | 148 | 7 | 4.7 | NR | Anxiety (OR 2.53, 95% CI 0.26–24.82) |