Fatty fish intake and cognitive function: FINS-KIDS, a randomized controlled trial in preschool children

Øyen, Jannike; Kvestad, Ingrid; Midtbø, Lisa Kolden; Graff, Ingvild Eide; Hysing, Mari; Stormark, Kjell Morten; Markhus, Maria Wik; Baste, Valborg; Frøyland, Livar; Koletzko, Berthold; Demmelmair, Hans; Dahl, Lisbeth; Lie, Øyvind; Kjellevold, Marian

doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1020-z

Table 2 Biological parameters measured at pre- and post-intervention and mean change

From: Fatty fish intake and cognitive function: FINS-KIDS, a randomized controlled trial in preschool children

	Fish group (n = 105)					Meat group (n = 113)
Biological parameters	No., n	Pre Mean (SD)	Post Mean (SD)	Change Mean (SD)	p ^a	No., n	Pre Mean (SD)	Post Mean (SD)	Change Mean (SD)	p ^a	p ^b
Sum FA, mg/g	95	2.22 (0.30)	2.22 (0.27)	0.00 (0.40)	0.10	103	2.20 (0.24)	2.24 (0.24)	0.04 (0.26)	0.13	0.39
Sum SFA, mg/g	95	0.85 (0.10)	0.85 (0.09)	0.00 (0.14)	0.93	103	0.84 (0.08)	0.86 (0.10)	0.02 (0.10)	0.015	0.15
Sum MUFA, mg/g	95	0.45 (0.13)	0.44 (0.06)	−0.01 (0.14)	0.53	103	0.44 (0.09)	0.44 (0.07)	0.00 (0.09)	0.90	0.55
Sum PUFA, mg/g	95	0.84 (0.10)	0.85 (0.12)	0.01 (0.15)	0.41	103	0.83 (0.12)	0.85 (0.10)	0.02 (0.14)	0.21	0.82
LA, 18:2n-6, mg/g	95	0.25 (0.04)	0.26 (0.06)	0.01 (0.07)	0.39	103	0.25 (0.07)	0.25 (0.04)	0.00 (0.07)	0.59	0.33
AA, 20:4n-6, mg/g	95	0.29 (0.04)	0.28 (0.04)	−0.01 (0.05)	0.0290	103	0.29 (0.05)	0.30 (0.04)	0.01 (0.05)	0.0151	0.0011
EPA, 20:5n-3, mg/g	95	0.02 (0.01)	0.03 (0.01)	0.01 (0.01)	< 0.0001	103	0.02 (0.01)	0.02 (0.01)	0.00 (0.01)	0.38	< 0.0001
DPA, 22:5n-3, mg/g	95	0.04 (0.01)	0.04 (0.01)	0.00 (0.01)	0.46	103	0.04 (0.01)	0.04 (0.01)	0.00 (0.01)	0.12	0.63
DHA, 22:6n-3, mg/g	95	0.14 (0.03)	0.16 (0.04)	0.02 (0.03)	< 0.0001	103	0.14 (0.03)	0.14 (0.03)	0.00 (0.03)	0.15	0.0038
EPA, 20:5n-3, %	95	0.93 (0.46)	1.22 (0.51)	0.29 (0.40)	< 0.0001	103	0.88 (0.36)	0.90 (0.43)	0.02 (0.35)	0.57	< 0.0001
DHA, 22:6n-3, %	95	6.46 (1.20)	7.15 (1.30)	0.69 (1.03)	< 0.0001	103	6.39 (1.10)	6.41 (1.12)	0.02 (1.05)	0.68	< 0.0001
Omega-3 index^c	95	7.38 (1.56)	8.37 (1.69)	0.99 (1.30)	< 0.0001	103	7.27 (1.33)	7.34 (1.43)	0.07 (1.27)	0.58	< 0.0001
s-25(OH)D₃, nmol/L	92	62.4 (14.2)	69.8 (18.0)	7.4 (15.6)	< 0.0001	103	60.0 (13.8)	65.8 (15.8)	5.8 (10.8)	< 0.0001	0.39
s-Ferritin, μg/L	84	33.0 (21.6)	26.8 (12.7)	−6.2 (18.2)	0.0024	94	28.3 (16.7)	30.8 (20.3)	2.5 (17.4)	0.16	0.0013
UIC, μg/L	96	160.7 (94.6)	143.5 (69.4)	−17.2 (87.0)	0.06	104	151.1 (95.1)	123.6 (62.9)	−27.5 (95.5)	0.0041	0.43

Abbreviations: AA arachidonic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, DPA docosapentaenoic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, FA fatty acids, LA linoleic acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids, SFA saturated fatty acids, SD standard deviation, UIC urinary iodine concentration, 25(OH)D₃ 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃
^ap for comparison within the intervention groups, paired samples t test
^bp for comparison between the intervention groups, independent samples t test
^cThe content of EPA and DHA expressed as percentage of total fatty acids. All fatty acids are measured in red blood cells

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