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Table 2 Effect sizes and distribution of behavioural and emotional scores between those with and without acute seizures

From: Prevalence, risk factors and behavioural and emotional comorbidity of acute seizures in young Kenyan children: a population-based study

 

Median scores (IQR)

 

Mean scores (SD)

  

Behavioural and emotional scores

Number without seizures (N = 3073)

Acute seizures (N = 200)

p valuea

Number of acute seizures(N = 3073)

Acute seizures (N = 200)

p valueb

Cohen’s d (95% CI)

Total

27 (18–41)

35 (22–62)

<0.001

33.0 (22.5)

43.2 (27.1)

<0.001

0.44 (0.30–0.59)

Internalising

8 (4–13)

11 (6–20)

<0.001

10.0 (8.4)

13.8 (10.5)

<0.001

0.44 (0.29–0.58)

Externalising

9 (5–14)

12 (6–19)

<0.001

10.7 (7.7)

13.6 (8.9)

<0.001

0.38 (0.24–0.52)

CBCL syndromes

 Emotionally reactive

2 (1–3)

2 (1–5)

0.009

2.3 (2.4)

3.0 (3.1)

0.002

0.27 (0.13–0.41)

 Anxious or depressed

2 (0–4)

3 (1–7)

<0.001

2.8 (2.7)

4.1 (3.6)

<0.001

0.43 (0.28–0.57)

 Somatic problems

2 (1–4)

4 (2–6)

<0.001

3.0 (2.6)

4.3 (3.5)

<0.001

0.47 (0.32–0.62)

 Withdrawn

1 (0–3)

2 (1–4)

0.009

1.9 (2.1)

2.4 (2.4)

0.001

0.24 (0.10–0.38)

 Sleep problems

2 (1–3)

2 (1–4)

<0.001

2.2 (2.2)

2.9 (2.5)

<0.001

0.32 (0.17–0.46)

 Attention problems

3 (2–5)

4 (2–5)

0.002

3.4 (2.1)

3.8 (2.1)

0.002

0.23 (0.08–0.37)

 Aggressive behaviour

6 (3–10)

8 (4–15)

<0.001

7.3 (6.5)

9.8 (7.5)

<0.001

0.38 (0.24–0.52)

DSM-oriented scales

 Affective problems

1 (0–3)

2 (1–4)

<0.001

1.9 (2.4)

3.0 (2.9)

<0.001

0.43 (0.28–0.57)

 Anxiety problems

4 (2–6)

5 (2–8)

<0.001

4.4 (3.5)

5.6 (4.0)

<0.001

0.32 (0.18–0.47)

 Pervasive developmental problems

2 (1–4)

3 (2–5)

0.004

3.1 (2.9)

3.7 (3.3)

0.005

0.20 (0.06–0.35)

 Attention deficit or hyperactivity problems

5 (3–7)

6 (4–8)

0.004

5.4 (2.9)

6.0 (3.0)

0.003

0.22 (0.07–0.36)

 Oppositional defiant problems

2 (0–3)

3 (1–4)

<0.001

2.2 (2.3)

2.9 (2.4)

<0.001

0.32 (0.18–0.46)

  1. All p values > 0.01 are reported to 2 decimal places, while those <0.01 are reported to 3 decimal places
  2. aMann–Whitney U test comparison of median behavioural and emotional scores
  3. bStudent’s t-test comparison of behavioural and emotional scores
  4. CI confidence interval, IQR interquartile range, DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, SD standard deviation
  5. Effect sizes were a function of mean scores and standard deviation
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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