Table 1 List of environmental and socio-demographic covariates
Covariate | Description | Dynamic | Round 1 selection | Round 2 selection | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accessibility | Distance to cities with population >50,000 | Static | Yes | Yes | Nelson [18] |
AI | Aridity index | Static | Yes | Yes | World Clim [23] |
DistToWater | GIS-derived surface that measures distance to permanent and semi-permanent water based on presence of lakes, wetlands, rivers and streams, and accounting for slope and precipitation | Static | Yes | Yes | |
Elevation | Elevation as measured by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) | Static | Yes | Yes | SRTM derivative [19] |
PET | Potential evapotranspiration | Static | Yes | Yes | Trabucco & Zomer [23] |
Slope | GIS-derived surface calculated from SRTM elevation surface | Static | Yes | Yes | MAP (from SRTM [19]) |
Stable_Lights_2010 | Index that measures the presence of lights from towns, cities and other sites with persistent lighting | Static | Yes | Yes | NOAA [16] |
TWI | Topographic wetness index | Static | Yes | Yes | MAP (from SRTM [19]) |
Population size | Estimated population per 1 km × 1 km pixel | Annual | Yes | Linard et al. [24] | |
EVI | Enhanced vegetation index | Monthly | Lag 0, 3 | Lag 3 | MODIS derivative [31] |
LST_day | Daytime land surface temperature | Monthly | MODIS derivative [30] | ||
LST_delta | Diurnal difference in land surface temperature | Monthly | Lag 0, 1, 2, 3 | Lag 0, 1, 2, 3 | MODIS derivative [30] |
LST_night | Night-time land surface temperature | Monthly | MODIS derivative [30] | ||
TCB | Tasselled cap brightness; measure of land reflectance | Monthly | Lag 0, 2 | Lag 2 | MODIS derivative [32] |
TCW | Tasselled cap wetness | Monthly | Lag 3 | Lag 3 | MODIS derivative [32] |
TSI | Temperature suitability index | Monthly | Lag 0, 1, 2, 3 | MAP [26] | |
CHIRPS | Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station Data | Monthly | Lag 0, 1, 2, 3 | Lag 0, 1, 3 | CHIRPS [25] |