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Table 1 Type and effectiveness of interventions for primary study outcomes

From: Translating evidence to patient care through caregivers: a systematic review of caregiver-mediated interventions

Type of engagement

Patient outcomes

Caregiver outcomes

Provider outcomes

Health system outcomes

Inform-activate-collaborate

5⇑ 9⇔

11⇑ 4⇔

–

5⇑ 3⇔

Inform-activate

18⇑ 5⇔

9⇑ 5⇔

1⇑

1⇑ 1⇔

Inform-collaborate

1⇔

2⇑

1⇑

–

Activate-collaborate

1⇑ 1⇔

2⇔

–

–

  1. Numbers represent the number of studies reporting on each outcome
  2. ⇑ statistically significant positive effect of intervention, ⇔ no statistically significant effect of intervention or mixed effect of intervention, ⇓ statistically significant harmful effect of intervention