Fig. 5

Mean ICER (cost per QALY gained) for universal vaccination vs no vaccination (green line/dots), and for universal vaccination vs targeted vaccination (black line/dots) using a societal perspective and assuming a discount rate of 3%, for different vaccine costs. Results are also presented in Table S3 in Additional file 2 (universal vaccination vs no vaccination) and in Table S4 in Additional file 2 (universal vaccination vs targeted vaccination)