Fig. 2

Distribution of cognitive frailty at baseline and 24 months by intervention group. PA, physical activity; HE, health education. To reflect the continuum of cognitive frailty, we created an ordinal variable based on the six combinations of two components: frailty (non-frail, pre-frail, and frail) and MCI (yes, no): no cognitive frailty (i.e., non-frail without MCI), pre-frail without MCI, frail without MCI, non-frail with MCI, pre-frail with MCI, and cognitive frailty (i.e., frail with MCI)