Fig. 1

Associations of gestational diabetes with fetal growth across gestation in White Europeans and South Asians. Predicted differences in mean head circumference (mm), femur length (mm), abdominal circumference (mm), and estimated fetal weight (g) comparing fetuses exposed to gestational diabetes to those not exposed to gestational diabetes (reference group) across gestation. Predicted mean differences are given for the total study population and for each ethnic group (White European and South Asian). All estimates are derived from multivariable models with adjustment for infant sex, maternal age at delivery, ethnicity, parity, height, body mass index, education level, smoking, and alcohol use during pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Positive mean differences (larger than 0) indicate larger size in fetuses exposed to gestational diabetes