|
Ajnakina et al. [57]
|
Census
|
WB (62), BA (63), BC (50)
|
CA (civil), police
|
Higher CA and police in BA and BC
|
7 (moderate)
|
|
Bebbington et al. [24]
|
N/A
|
W (190), BC (49)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in BC
|
4 (moderate)
|
|
Banerjee et al. [23]
|
N/A
|
WE (804), BC (375), O (50)
|
CA (forensic)
|
Higher CA in BC
|
2 (low)
|
|
Bhui et al. [25]
|
Place of birth, census
|
W (184), BA (16), BB(12), BC (26), A/0 (18)
|
CA (forensic)
|
Higher CA in BA and BB
|
8 (high)
|
|
Bhui et al. [58]
|
Self-report
|
W (177), B (160), SA (114), O (29)
|
GP, CJS, DUP
|
Higher CJS in BA and BC, non-significant GP and DUP (including SA)
|
9 (high)
|
|
Bhui et al. [59]
|
Census
|
WB (23), WO (14), BA (28), BC (31), BO (1), Bd (4), In (4), P (3), O (14)
|
CJS
|
Higher CJS in BA and BC
|
9 (high)
|
|
Birchwood et al. [26]
|
Third party
|
WB (74), BC (50), A (30), Ir (5), O (10)
|
CA (civil), police
|
Non-significant CA and police (BC and A)
|
5 (moderate)
|
|
Brunet [19]
|
Third party
|
W (16), B (36), A (28), O (8)
|
GP, CA (civil), DUP
|
Shorter DUP, non-significant GP and CA (B and A)
|
2 (low)
|
|
Burnett et al. [27]
|
Place of birth
|
W (38), BC (38), A (24)
|
GP, CA (mixed), police/CJS
|
Non-significant GP, CA and police/CJS (B and A)
|
6 (moderate)
|
|
Callan [28]
|
Place of birth
|
WB (169), BC (200)
|
GP, CA (civil), police
|
Higher CA and police in B, non-significant for GP
|
7 (moderate)
|
|
Cole et al. [29]
|
Self-report, census
|
W (39), B (38), A/O (16)
|
GP, CA (civil), police
|
Non-significant GP, CA and police (B and A/O)
|
6 (moderate)
|
|
Commander et al. 1999 [30]
|
Self-report, census
|
W (40), B (40), A (40)
|
GP, CA (civil), police
|
Higher CA and police (B and A), GP higher in A, non-significant for B
|
4 (moderate)
|
|
Crowley and Simmons [31]
|
Third party
|
W (75), BC (49), A (28)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in BC, non-significant for A
|
3 (low)
|
|
Davies et al. [32]
|
Place of birth, census
|
WB (207), WO (36), BA (27), BC (112), O (15)
|
CA (mixed)
|
Higher CA (BA and BC), non-significant in WO
|
8 (high)
|
|
Drake et al. [33]
|
Self-report
|
W (216), BC (19), O (13)
|
DUP
|
Non-significant DUP for BC
|
6 (moderate)
|
|
Gajwani et al. [60]
|
Self-report
|
W (437), BA (62), BC (120), Bd (16), In (47), P (125)
|
CA (mixed)
|
Non-significant CA in ethnic minority (including Black) groups
|
9 (high)
|
|
Ghali et al. [61]
|
Census
|
WB (183), WO (103), BA (136), BB (152), BC (27), SA (80)
|
GP, CJS, DUP
|
Higher CJS in BA only, shorter DUP for Black groups and SA, GP non-significant
|
11 (high)
|
|
Goater et al. [34]
|
Self-report, census
|
W (68), B (71), O (15)
|
CA (mixed)
|
Higher CA in B after 5 years (non-significant after only 1 year)
|
6 (moderate)
|
|
Harrison et al. [35]
|
N/A
|
Non-BC (89), BC (42)
|
GP, CA (civil), police
|
Higher CA and police in BC, GP non-significant
|
4 (moderate)
|
|
Ineichen et al. [36]
|
Third party
|
WB (193), WO (9), BC (43), O (19)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in BC, non-significant for WO
|
4 (moderate)
|
|
Johnson et al. [37]
|
N/A
|
W (173), BA (15), BC (70), O (14)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in BC, non-significant for BA
|
5 (moderate)
|
|
Koffman et al. [38]
|
Third party
|
W (2,978), B (631), A (160)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in B and A
|
5 (moderate)
|
|
Lawlor et al. [62]
|
Census
|
WB (146), WO (45), BA (41), BC (26), BO (29)
|
GP, CA (civil), police/CJS
|
Higher CA and police/CJS (Black groups and WO), lower GP (Black groups) non-significant GP (WO)
|
10 (high)
|
|
Lloyd and Moodley [39]
|
Third party
|
W (101), B (37)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in B
|
5 (moderate)
|
|
Mann et al. [63]
|
Self-report, census
|
WB (158), WO (93), BA (188), BB (55), BC (78), mixed B/W (36), SA (37), A (O)(29)
|
GP, CA (civil), CJS
|
Particularly high point estimate for CA in BA, less marked for other groups and outcomes, or non-significant
|
9 (high)
|
|
McKenzie et al. [40]
|
Place of birth
|
WB (58), BC (53)
|
CA (civil), CJS
|
Higher CA and CJS in BC
|
8 (high)
|
|
Moodley and Perkins [41]
|
N/A
|
W (25), BC (22)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in BC
|
2 (low)
|
|
Moodley and Thornicroft [42]
|
Third party
|
W (295), BC (47)
|
CA (civil), police
|
Higher CA and police in BC
|
3 (low)
|
|
Morgan et al. [43]
|
Self-report
|
WB (237), WO (33), BA (64), BC (128)
|
GP, CA (civil), CJS
|
Higher CA, CJS, lower GP (BA and BC), non-significant CA, CJS and GP (WO vs. WB)
|
9 (high)
|
|
Morgan et al. [44]
|
Self-report
|
WB (217), BC (129), BA (68)
|
DUP
|
Shorter (BA) and non-significant (BC) DUP
|
8 (high)
|
|
Morgan et al. 2017 [64]
|
Self-report, census
|
WB (159), BA (44), BC (107)
|
CA (civil), police
|
Higher CA and police (BA and BC)
|
8 (high)
|
|
Owens et al. [45]
|
Third party
|
Non-BC (155), BC (120)
|
CA (civil), police
|
Higher CA and police in BC
|
4 (moderate)
|
|
Parkman et al. [46]
|
Place of birth, census
|
WB (94), WO (17), BC (42)
|
CA (mixed)
|
Higher CA in BC, non-significant in WO vs. WB
|
7 (moderate)
|
|
Patrick et al. [47]
|
N/A
|
W (34), B (26)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in B
|
3 (low)
|
|
Singh et al. [48]
|
Third party, census
|
W (352), BC (44)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in BC
|
8 (high)
|
|
Singh et al. [66]
|
Third party
|
W (2,587), B (811), A (430), O (359)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in B, non-significant for A
|
7 (moderate)
|
|
Singh et al. [65]
|
Self-report, census
|
W (45), B (35), A (43)
|
CA (civil), CJS, GP, DUP
|
Higher CA and CJS (B), non-significant GP and DUP (B), non-significant CA, CJS, DUP (A)
|
7 (moderate)
|
|
Takei et al. [49]
|
N/A
|
W (49), BC (32)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in B
|
5 (moderate)
|
|
Thomas et al. [50]
|
Third party
|
W (1,265), BC (193), A (76)
|
CA (civil), police
|
Higher CA (BC and A), higher police (BC), non-significant police (A)
|
3 (low)
|
|
Weich et al. [67]
|
N/A
|
W (997,169), B (39,249), A (46,544), mixed (13,781), O (22,053)
|
CA (civil)
|
Higher CA in B and A
|
2 (low)
|
