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Table 3 Association between ethnicity/immigration status and prediabetes incidence using glucose thresholds according to the World Health Organization and Diabetes Canada

From: Ethnic differences in prediabetes incidence among immigrants to Canada: a population-based cohort study

Study population, variable

No. new cases of prediabetes

Person-years of follow-up

Crude incidence (no./100 person-years)

Cumulative incidence (%)a

Age, sex, and area income-adjusted HR (95% CI)b, c

Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)c, d

Immigrants, ethnicity

 South Asian

16,247

570,336

4.89

23.62

1.87 (1.80–1.94)

1.95 (1.87–2.03)

 Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean

7612

331,207

3.98

20.39

1.57 (1.51–1.64)

1.61 (1.54–1.68)

 South-East Asian

6585

271,649

4.05

19.76

1.48 (1.42–1.55)

1.52 (1.46–1.59)

 Latin American

5526

263,672

3.55

17.55

1.32 (1.26–1.38)

1.33 (1.27–1.39)

 East Asian

15,103

608,425

3.69

17.88

1.15 (1.11–1.20)

1.20 (1.15–1.25)

 West Asian and Arab

5502

289,670

3.27

16.60

1.26 (1.21–1.32)

1.28 (1.22–1.34)

 Eastern European

6248

398,851

2.85

13.40

1.06 (1.02–1.11)

1.06 (1.01–1.11)

 Western European

3378

215,762

2.79

13.08

Referent

Referent

Entire cohort, immigration status

 Immigrants to Canada

66,227

2,950,372

3.76

21.22

1.40 (1.38–1.41)

1.36 (1.35–1.37)

 Long-term Canadian residents

272,132

13,202,525

3.41

15.88

Referent

NA

  1. New prediabetes cases based on any of the following criteria met on subsequent laboratory testing: (1) fasting glucose 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L, (2) 2-h glucose 7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L on 75-g OGTT, or (3) HbA1c 6.0 to 6.4% (42 to 46 mmol/mol)
  2. aCumulative incidence is based on the cumulative incidence probability for prediabetes
  3. bAdjusted for age, sex, and area income
  4. cCases censored at time when prediabetes definition was first met, if criteria for diabetes met (based on records from the Ontario Diabetes Database), lost health care coverage, died, or December 31, 2013
  5. dAmong immigrants, adjusted for age, sex, area income, education, ethnicity, marital status, immigration visa category, and duration