Table 1 Studies of second-generation antipsychotics and microbiota in rodents
From: The effects of antipsychotic medications on microbiome and weight gain in children and adolescents
Cohort description | Drug(s) | Microbial taxonomy alterations | Microbial diversity alterations | Host metabolic alteration | Country | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rats (treated in high/low doses vs. control) | Olanzapine | Firmicutes ↑, Bacteroidetes↓, Proteobacteria↓, Actinobacteria↓ (in female rats only) | Diversity ↓ | In females: Weight gain in females, rise in food intake, increased liver size, increased visceral fat. In males and females: Increased visceral fat, increased macrophage infiltration to adipose tissue, decreased locomotion | Ireland | [42] |
Rats (treated vs. control) | Olanzapine | Firmicutes ↑, Bacteroidetes ↓, Proteobacteria↓ |  | Rapid weight gain, increased visceral fat, increased macrophage infiltration to adipose tissue, increased free fatty acids in plasma. | Ireland | [95] |
Rats (treated vs. treated with antibiotics) | Olanzapine and antibiotics | Following antibiotics: Firmicutes ↓, Bacteroidetes ↑, Proteobacteria↑ |  | Following antibiotics: less weight gain | Ireland | [95] |
Mice (treated vs. control from 8 strains) | Olanzapine and high fat diet | Erysipelotrichi ↑, Gammaproteobacteria ↑, Bacteroidia ↓ |  | Weight gain differing by strain | USA | [49] |
Mice (treated germ-free) | Olanzapine (with/without fecal transplant) | Â | Â | Weight gain only after fecal transplants from conventionally raised mice | USA | [49] |
Female mice (treated vs. control) | Risperidone | Erysipelotrichaceae family ↑, Mollicutes class ↑, Alistipes spp. ↑, Actinobacteria phylum ↑ |  | Weight gain, reduction in energy expenditure | USA | [96] |