Table 6 Global and regional stroke burden and mortality attributable to air pollution in 2017
| Â | All-type stroke | Ischaemic stroke | Intracerebral haemorrhage | Subarachnoid haemorrhage | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (thousand) | Age-standardised rate | Number (thousand) | Age-standardised rate | Number (thousand) | Age-standardised rate | Number (thousand) | Age-standardised rate | |||||
Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Female to male ratio | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Female to male ratio | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Female to male ratio | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Female to male ratio | |
DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) per 100,000 people | ||||||||||||
 Global |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Air pollution | 16,385.6 (13,224.6 to 19,514.3) | 201.9 (164.1 to 240.1) | 0.7 | 5784.9 (4581.1 to 6995.0) | 72.2 (57.4 to 87.3) | 0.8 | 8967.4 (7270.6 to 10,723.3) | 109.7 (89.3 to 130.8) | 0.7 | 1633.3 (1272.4 to 2021.0) | 19.9 (15.6 to 24.6) | 0.9 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 10,515.5 (8248.0 to 12,877.4) | 129.8 (101.6 to 159.0) | 0.6 | 3950.2 (3040.2 to 4873.9) | 49.4 (38.2 to 61.0) | 0.7 | 5523.0 (4340.7 to 6835.3) | 67.7 (53.2 to 83.2) | 0.5 | 1042.2 (809.3 to 1314.3) | 12.7 (9.9 to 16.0) | 0.8 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 5870.2 (4573.4 to 7263.3) | 72.0 (56.0 to 89.0) | 1.0 | 1834.6 (1390.5 to 2329.5) | 22.8 (17.3 to 28.9) | 1.1 | 3444.4 (2660.7 to 4305.5) | 42.0 (32.6 to 52.6) | 0.9 | 591.2 (443.5 to 776.6) | 7.2 (5.4 to 9.4) | 1.1 |
 World Bank low income | ||||||||||||
  Air pollution | 1233.7 (1026.6 to 1436.3) | 372.2 (310.0 to 434.3) | 1.0 | 346.8 (277.8 to 422.1) | 117.0 (93.5 to 142.3) | 1.3 | 785.9 (644.4 to 931.4) | 229.0 (187.9 to 271.2) | 0.9 | 100.9 (70.7 to 148.7) | 26.2 (18.4 to 38.9) | 0.8 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 257.8 (193.9 to 334.5) | 78.5 (58.5 to 102.7) | 0.6 | 73.5 (53.8 to 97.7) | 25.0 (18.0 to 33.3) | 0.8 | 161.9 (121.9 to 210.7) | 47.6 (35.9 to 63.0) | 0.5 | 22.4 (14.5 to 33.8) | 5.9 (3.8 to 9.0) | 0.5 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 975.9 (804.3 to 1161.0) | 293.8 (241.9 to 349.1) | 1.1 | 273.3 (215.0 to 339.1) | 92.0 (71.8 to 114.4) | 1.5 | 624.1 (505.2 to 755.4) | 181.4 (145.9 to 219.7) | 1.0 | 78.6 (53.5 to 116.6) | 20.3 (13.9 to 30.6) | 0.8 |
 World Bank lower middle income | ||||||||||||
  Air pollution | 6858.7 (5569.0 to 8122.8) | 282.1 (230.7 to 332.5) | 0.8 | 2210.7 (1731.5 to 2754.2) | 98.6 (76.9 to 121.9) | 0.9 | 3864.7 (3106.8 to 4631.0) | 154.2 (123.9 to 185.2) | 0.8 | 783.2 (598.3 to 991.4) | 29.3 (22.4 to 37.3) | 1.0 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 3579.6 (2832.0 to 4445.7) | 147.4 (116.4 to 182.6) | 0.7 | 1215.2 (931.1 to 1532.2) | 54.1 (41.6 to 68.1) | 0.7 | 1961.2 (1538.8 to 2471.9) | 78.2 (61.4 to 98.8) | 0.6 | 403.2 (299.8 to 529.0) | 15.1 (11.2 to 19.8) | 0.8 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 3279.2 (2552.6 to 4049.6) | 134.7 (105.1 to 165.7) | 1.1 | 995.6 (753.2 to 1285.3) | 44.5 (34.0 to 56.9) | 1.2 | 1903.5 (1466.3 to 2394.9) | 76.0 (58.7 to 95.4) | 1.0 | 380.1 (281.3 to 507.2) | 14.2 (10.6 to 19.0) | 1.2 |
 World Bank upper middle income | ||||||||||||
  Air pollution | 7302.6 (5851.4 to 8792.7) | 220.8 (177.6 to 265.2) | 0.6 | 2793.7 (2192.9 to 3426.0) | 85.9 (67.6 to 105.6) | 0.7 | 3912.0 (3133.7 to 4715.4) | 117.0 (94.1 to 140.3) | 0.6 | 596.9 (460.3 to 731.4) | 17.9 (13.9 to 21.8) | 0.8 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 5740.9 (4467.1 to 7074.4) | 173.7 (136.2 to 213.7) | 0.6 | 2249.4 (1720.3 to 2798.2) | 69.2 (53.2 to 86.0) | 0.6 | 3021.3 (2361.5 to 3694.9) | 90.4 (71.0 to 110.6) | 0.5 | 470.2 (364.2 to 588.9) | 14.1 (10.9 to 17.5) | 0.7 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 1561.7 (1139.5 to 2070.9) | 47.1 (34.6 to 62.7) | 0.9 | 544.3 (394.6 to 729.0) | 16.7 (12.2 to 22.5) | 0.9 | 890.7 (645.6 to 1181.3) | 26.6 (19.6 to 35.4) | 0.8 | 126.7 (91.7 to 169.8) | 3.8 (2.8 to 5.0) | 1.1 |
 World Bank high income | ||||||||||||
  Air pollution | 884.9 (659.1 to 1137.8) | 43.9 (32.6 to 55.8) | 0.7 | 395.6 (288.5 to 517.8) | 17.9 (13.3 to 23.3) | 0.7 | 345.0 (257.0 to 445.4) | 17.8 (13.1 to 22.8) | 0.6 | 144.3 (104.1 to 188.1) | 8.3 (6.0 to 10.7) | 1.1 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 861.6 (640.1 to 1107.5) | 42.8 (31.7 to 54.6) | 0.7 | 383.8 (279.6 to 506.2) | 17.3 (12.8 to 22.6) | 0.7 | 336.7 (250.1 to 433.2) | 17.3 (12.8 to 22.4) | 0.6 | 141.2 (102.0 to 184.3) | 8.1 (5.9 to 10.4) | 1.0 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 23.2 (15.3 to 33.9) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.7) | 1.1 | 11.8 (7.6 to 17.5) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8) | 1.2 | 8.3 (5.5 to 12.3) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 0.9 | 3.2 (2.1 to 4.6) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 1.7 |
Deaths per 100,000 people | ||||||||||||
 Global | ||||||||||||
  Air pollution | 676.8 (550.5 to 806.6) | 8.6 (7.0 to 10.3) | 0.7 | 264.8 (209.1 to 322.5) | 3.4 (2.7 to 4.2) | 0.8 | 358.5 (291.8 to 427.7) | 4.5 (3.6 to 5.4) | 0.7 | 53.6 (42.7 to 65.3) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.8) | 0.9 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 444.9 (346.0 to 549.3) | 5.7 (4.4 to 7.0) | 0.6 | 183.5 (139.9 to 228.2) | 2.4 (1.8 to 3.0) | 0.7 | 226.4 (176.0 to 279.9) | 2.8 (2.2 to 3.5) | 0.6 | 35.0 (27.3 to 44.1) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 0.7 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 231.8 (179.6 to 287.2) | 2.9 (2.3 to 3.6) | 1.0 | 81.2 (62.4 to 103.8) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.1 | 132.1 (101.5 to 164.5) | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) | 1.0 | 18.5 (13.9 to 24.3) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 1.1 |
 World Bank low income | ||||||||||||
  Air pollution | 45.1 (37.7 to 52.9) | 16.2 (13.5 to 19.2) | 1.0 | 14.5 (11.4 to 17.9) | 5.9 (4.7 to 7.3) | 1.3 | 27.7 (22.8 to 32.8) | 9.4 (7.8 to 11.2) | 0.9 | 2.8 (1.9 to 4.3) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | 0.7 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 9.5 (7.1 to 12.5) | 3.5 (2.5 to 4.5) | 0.6 | 3.1 (2.2 to 4.2) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.7) | 0.8 | 5.8 (4.4 to 7.7) | 2.0 (1.5 to 2.6) | 0.6 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 0.5 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 35.5 (28.9 to 42.3) | 12.8 (10.4 to 15.2) | 1.1 | 11.4 (8.7 to 14.2) | 4.7 (3.6 to 5.8) | 1.5 | 21.9 (17.7 to 26.5) | 7.4 (6.0 to 9.0) | 1.0 | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.4) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.8 |
 World Bank lower middle income | ||||||||||||
  Air pollution | 262.0 (215.1 to 311.6) | 12.3 (10.1 to 14.7) | 0.9 | 97.2 (76.5 to 121.1) | 5.1 (4.0 to 6.3) | 0.9 | 141.5 (113.5 to 169.5) | 6.3 (5.1 to 7.5) | 0.8 | 23.4 (18.0 to 30.1) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.2) | 1.0 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 136.7 (107.0 to 169.4) | 6.4 (5.0 to 8.0) | 0.7 | 53.1 (40.7 to 67.2) | 2.8 (2.1 to 3.5) | 0.7 | 71.6 (56.3 to 90.2) | 3.2 (2.5 to 4.0) | 0.6 | 12.0 (9.0 to 16.0) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) | 0.8 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 125.4 (97.5 to 155.0) | 5.9 (4.6 to 7.3) | 1.1 | 44.1 (33.9 to 56.7) | 2.3 (1.8 to 2.9) | 1.2 | 69.9 (53.5 to 87.5) | 3.1 (2.4 to 3.9) | 1.0 | 11.4 (8.5 to 15.1) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.6) | 1.2 |
 World Bank upper middle income | ||||||||||||
  Air pollution | 319.5 (254.3 to 386.8) | 10.2 (8.0 to 12.3) | 0.7 | 128.9 (99.8 to 160.6) | 4.2 (3.3 to 5.2) | 0.7 | 168.7 (134.7 to 202.4) | 5.3 (4.2 to 6.3) | 0.6 | 21.9 (16.9 to 26.8) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.8) | 0.8 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 251.1 (193.6 to 309.2) | 8.0 (6.1 to 9.8) | 0.6 | 104.3 (79.2 to 130.1) | 3.4 (2.6 to 4.3) | 0.6 | 129.6 (100.5 to 158.7) | 4.0 (3.2 to 5.0) | 0.5 | 17.2 (13.1 to 21.4) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) | 0.7 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 68.5 (50.2 to 91.3) | 2.2 (1.6 to 2.9) | 0.9 | 24.6 (18.1 to 32.7) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.9 | 39.1 (28.5 to 52.2) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 0.9 | 4.7 (3.4 to 6.3) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 1.1 |
 World Bank high income | ||||||||||||
  Air pollution | 45.6 (33.5 to 59.2) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.4) | 0.7 | 22.5 (16.0 to 30.5) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.7 | 18.0 (13.3 to 23.3) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | 0.6 | 5.1 (3.9 to 6.6) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.3) | 1.0 |
  Ambient particulate matter pollution | 44.4 (32.6 to 58.0) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.4) | 0.7 | 21.8 (15.5 to 29.6) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.7 | 17.6 (12.9 to 22.8) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | 0.6 | 5.0 (3.8 to 6.5) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 1.0 |
  Household air pollution from solid fuels | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 1.2 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.3 | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.0 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.7 |