Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, stratified by age
From: Comparing the prognostic value of geriatric health indicators: a population-based study
< 78 years old N = 1782 (53.0%) | ≥ 78 years old N = 1581 (47.0%) | p value | Total N = 3363 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 65.5 (4.8) | 85.1 (6.1) | < 0.001 | 74.7 (11.2) |
Sex (female), n (%) | 1024 (57.4) | 1158 (73.2) | < 0.001 | 2182 (64.9) |
Education* | ||||
Elementary, n (%) | 154 (8.6) | 451 (28.5) | < 0.001 | 590 (17.7) |
High school, n (%) | 817 (45.9) | 848 (53.7) | 1651 (49.6) | |
University, n (%) | 811 (45.5) | 282 (17.8) | 1090 (32.7) | |
MMSE, mean (SD) | 29.0 (2.1) | 25.2 (7.4) | < 0.001 | 27.6 (4.9) |
MMSE < 24, N (%) | 25 (1.4) | 348 (22.0) | < 0.001 | 462 (14.7) |
≥ 1 impaired ADL, n (%) | 26 (1.5) | 303 (19.2) | < 0.001 | 283 (8.6) |
Frailty index | ||||
≤ 0.08, n (%) | 1390 (78.0) | 436 (27.6) | < 0.001 | 1826 (54.3) |
0.08–0.25, n (%) | 375 (21.0) | 856 (54.1) | 1231 (36.6) | |
≥ 0.25, n (%) | 17 (1.0) | 289 (18.3) | 306 (9.1) | |
Median (IQR) | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.12 (0.14) | < 0.001 | 0.07 (0.09) |
Frailty phenotype | ||||
Robust, n (%) | 972 (54.6) | 319 (20.2) | < 0.001 | 1291 (38.4) |
Pre-frail, n (%) | 738 (41.4) | 681 (43.0) | 1419 (42.2) | |
Frail, n (%) | 72 (4.0) | 581 (36.8) | 653 (19.4) | |
Health assessment tool | ||||
≥ 6.6, n (%) | 1672 (93.8) | 792 (50.1) | 2464 (73.3) | |
3.3–6.6, n (%) | 94 (5.3) | 506 (32.0) | < 0.001 | 600 (17.8) |
≤ 3.3, n (%) | 16 (0.9) | 283 (17.9) | 299 (8.9) | |
Median (IQR) | 9 (0.8) | 6.5 (4.4) | < 0.001 | 8.6 (2.6) |
Multimorbidity | ||||
0 chronic dis., n (%) | 97 (5.4) | 9 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 106 (3.1) |
1 chronic dis., n (%) | 289 (16.2) | 37 (2.3) | 326 (9.7) | |
2+ chronic dis., n (%) | 1396 (78.4) | 1535 (97.1) | 2931 (87.1) | |
Median (IQR) | 3 (2) | 5 (4) | < 0.001 | 4 (3) |
Walking speed | ||||
< 1.0 m/s, n (%) | 267 (15.0) | 1112 (70.3) | < 0.001 | 1379 (50.0) |
< 0.8 m/s, n (%) | 141 (7.9) | 890 (56.3) | < 0.001 | 1031 (30.7) |
Median (IQR) | 1.2 (0.5) | 0.6 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 1 (0.6) |