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Table 2 Associations between the WCRF/AICR lifestyle score and in situ breast cancer risk

From: Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and risk of in situ breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

 

Total study population (n = 260,151)

Screening-recruited cohorts (n = 24,727)

Other centers (n = 235,424)

N cases/non-cases

Model 1

Model 2

N cases/non-cases

Model 1

Model 2

N cases/non-cases

Model 1

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

WCRF/AICR lifestyle score, continuous (0–8)

1277/258,874

0.97 (0.92–1.02)

0.98 (0.93–1.03)

159/24,568

0.83 (0.72–0.97)

0.85 (0.73–0.99)

1118/234,306

0.99 (0.93–1.05)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

WCRF/AICR lifestyle score 0–3

125/26,684

Ref.

Ref.

20/2426

Ref.

Ref.

105/24,258

Ref.

Ref.

WCRF/AICR lifestyle score > 3–5

811/157,392

1.11 (0.92–1.34)

1.12 (0.93–1.36)

104/14,910

0.81 (0.50–1.31)

0.84 (0.52–1.36)

707/142,482

1.16 (0.95–1.43)

1.17 (0.95–1.45)

WCRF/AICR lifestyle score > 5

341/74,798

0.96 (0.78–1.18)

0.98 (0.80–1.22)

35/7232

0.56 (0.32–0.97)

0.59 (0.33–1.03)

306/67,566

1.04 (0.83–1.30)

1.06 (0.84–1.33)

Education level

 None/primary school

262/79,542

0.91 (0.80–1.02)

0.91 (0.80–1.03)

49/7664

0.74 (0.56–0.97)

0.76 (0.58–1.00)

213/71,878

0.95 (0.83–1.09)

0.95 (0.83–1.09)

 Technical/secondary school

596/113,801

0.97 (0.90–1.05)

0.99 (0.91–1.07)

79/12,825

0.86 (0.69–1.06)

0.87 (0.70–1.08)

517/100,976

0.98 (0.91–1.07)

1.00 (0.92–1.09)

 University degree

419/65,531

1.00 (0.91–1.09)

1.00 (0.91–1.10)

31/4079

0.93 (0.66–1.31)

0.95 (0.67–1.35)

388/61,452

1.00 (0.91–1.10)

1.01 (0.91–1.11)

Smoking status

 Never smokers

799/155,775

0.99 (0.93–1.06)

1.00 (0.93–1.07)

75/11,065

0.85 (0.68–1.07)

0.85 (0.68–1.06)

724/144,710

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

1.01 (0.94–1.09)

 Ever smokers

478/103,099

0.95 (0.87–1.03)

0.96 (0.88–1.05)

84/13,503

0.81 (0.66–0.99)

0.84 (0.68–1.03)

394/89,596

0.98 (0.89–1.07)

0.99 (0.90–1.09)

Menopausal status at recruitment

 Premenopausal

374/86,383

1.05 (0.95–1.15)

1.04 (0.95–1.15)

28/4321

0.90 (0.63–1.28)

0.88 (0.61–1.26)

346/82,062

1.06 (0.96–1.17)

1.06 (0.95–1.17)

 Postmenopausal

599/129,150

0.94 (0.87–1.01)

0.94 (0.87–1.02)

95/15,964

0.86 (0.70–1.04)

0.86 (0.71–1.05)

504/113,186

0.95 (0.87–1.03)

0.96 (0.88–1.04)

 Perimenopausal

304/43,341

0.95 (0.86–1.06)

0.97 (0.87–1.08)

36/4283

0.78 (0.57–1.06)

0.83 (0.60–1.14)

268/39,058

0.98 (0.87–1.10)

1.00 (0.89–1.12)

  1. Model 1: adjusted for the highest level of attained education (none/primary school, technical/secondary school, university), smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, current smoker), and total energy intake (kcal/day). Model 2: model 1 and additionally adjusted for the presence of chronic diseases at recruitment (yes/no), age at menarche (< 12 years, ≥ 12 to ≤ 15 years, > 15 years), age at first full-term pregnancy (nulliparous, < 21 years, ≥ 21 to ≤ 30 years, > 30 years), menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, postmenopausal (also including surgical postmenopausal)), ever use of oral contraceptive pills (yes/no), and ever use of menopausal hormone therapy (yes/no). All analyses were stratified for center and age at recruitment (1-year intervals). In subgroup analyses, the corresponding grouping variable was not included as a covariate in the model
  2. CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, WCRF/AICR World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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