Table 3 Associations between adherence to individual WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and in situ breast cancer risk
WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendation* | Total study population (n = 260,151) | Screening-recruited cohorts (n = 24,727) | Other centers (n = 235,424) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N cases/non-cases | HR (95% CI) | N cases/non-cases | HR (95% CI) | N cases/non-cases | HR (95% CI) | |
Limit sugary drinks | ||||||
0 | 189/39,589 | Ref. | 25/3537 | Ref. | 164/36,052 | Ref. |
0.5 | 799/160,657 | 0.95 (0.81–1.13) | 103/15,276 | 1.01 (0.64–1.58) | 696/145,381 | 0.94 (0.79–1.13) |
1 | 289/58,628 | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) | 31/5755 | 0.87 (0.48–1.57) | 258/52,873 | 0.97 (0.77–1.21) |
Breastfeed your baby | ||||||
0 | 407/77,037 | Ref. | 48/6937 | Ref. | 359/70,100 | Ref. |
0.5 | 466/90,454 | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 65/9253 | 1.02 (0.63–1.66) | 401/81,201 | 0.96 (0.80–1.14) |
1 | 404/91,383 | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) | 46/8378 | 0.80 (0.48–1.35) | 358/83,005 | 1.02 (0.85–1.23) |
Limit alcohol | ||||||
0 | 213/34,536 | Ref. | 37/4610 | Ref. | 176/29,926 | Ref. |
0.5 | 232/44,967 | 0.88 (0.73–1.06) | 28/3820 | 0.94 (0.57–1.56) | 204/41,147 | 0.88 (0.71–1.08) |
1 | 832/179,371 | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | 94/16,138 | 0.75 (0.50–1.12) | 738/163,233 | 0.90 (0.76–1.08) |
Limit red and processed meat | ||||||
0 | 530/98,891 | Ref. | 76/11,309 | Ref. | 454/87,582 | Ref. |
0.5 | 588/115,191 | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 68/10,938 | 1.13 (0.79–1.60) | 520/104,253 | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) |
1 | 159/44,792 | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 15/2321 | 1.31 (0.73–2.35) | 144/42,471 | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) |
Eat whole grains, vegetables, fruit, and beans | ||||||
0 | 109/22,992 | Ref. | 6/735 | Ref. | 103/22,257 | Ref. |
0.25 | 191/36,549 | 1.07 (0.84–1.37) | 18/2763 | 0.68 (0.26–1.74) | 173/33,786 | 1.11 (0.87–1.43) |
0.5 | 352/76,202 | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) | 58/8787 | 0.61 (0.25–1.51) | 294/67,415 | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) |
0.75 | 405/79,341 | 1.00 (0.77–1.29) | 50/7893 | 0.54 (0.21–1.41) | 355/71,448 | 1.06 (0.81–1.39) |
1 | 220/43,790 | 0.95 (0.70–1.30) | 27/4390 | 0.41 (0.14–1.23) | 193/39,400 | 1.04 (0.75–1.45) |
Limit “fast foods” | ||||||
0 | 138/31,684 | Ref. | 23/3294 | Ref. | 115/28,390 | Ref. |
0.5 | 787/153,617 | 1.12 (0.91–1.36) | 109/16,473 | 1.21 (0.72–2.02) | 678/137,144 | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) |
1 | 352/73,573 | 1.01 (0.78–1.32) | 27/4801 | 1.21 (0.59–2.48) | 325/68,772 | 0.99 (0.74–1.30) |
Be physically active | ||||||
0 | 589/128,040 | Ref. | 52/8307 | Ref. | 537/119,733 | Ref. |
0.5 | 257/43,378 | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 38/4523 | 1.30 (0.83–2.02) | 219/38,855 | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) |
1 | 431/87,456 | 1.00 (0.88–1.15) | 69/11,738 | 0.88 (0.59–1.31) | 362/75,718 | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) |
Be a healthy weight | ||||||
0 | 143/40,712 | Ref. | 22/3310 | Ref. | 121/37,402 | Ref. |
0.5 | 359/76,314 | 1.15 (0.95–1.40) | 61/8668 | 1.06 (0.65–1.74) | 298/67,646 | 1.16 (0.94–1.44) |
1 | 775/141,848 | 1.09 (0.90–1.31) | 76/12,590 | 0.87 (0.53–1.43) | 699/129,258 | 1.13 (0.92–1.38) |