Author, year | Region, country | Enrolment period | Endemicitya | Study design (n) | Gravidity; % PG | Mean (SD) ageb | IPTp use | Antibody responses included in reviewc | Time of antibody measurement | Clinical outcomesd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aitken, 2010 [51] | Lungwena, Malawi | 2003–2006 | High | RCT (549)e | All; 23.9 | 24.9 (6.7) | Women randomized to standard 2 dose SP or monthly SP | pRBC: CS2 | T2; T3f | LBW, PI, PTB, Anaemiag |
Babakhanyan, 2014 [52] | Yaounde, Cameroon | 1996–2001 | Intermediate | CC (464)h | MG | PM+ 28 (5); PM− 30 (6) | 76.3% took chemoprophylaxis | VAR2CSA: 1D1-1D2a, FV2 | Delivery | PM, LBW, PI |
Beeson, 2004 [53] | Blantyre, Malawi | 1998–2000 | Intermediate | CC (181)i | All; 55 | PM+ 20.9; PM- 21.5 | SP | pRBC: CS2 (total IgG, agglutination, CSA adhesion inhibition) | Delivery | PM |
Chandrasiri, 2014 [54] | Central and southern regions, Sudan | 2010 | Low | CC (121)j | All; 33 | median (IQR) 28 (24, 32) | None reported | pRBC: CS2, VAR2CSA: DBL5ε | T2/T3 | SM |
Cox, 2005 [55] | Brong Ahafo, Ghana | 2001 | High | RCT (101)k | PG | 21.1 (2.9) | CQ at enrolment | pRBC: FCR3 | T1/T2 and T2/T3 | PM, PI |
Duffy, 2003 [56] | Kisumu, Kenya | 1995–1997 | High | CS (168) | All; 28 | 23.5 (5.3) | None reported | pRBC: Kenyan placental isolate (CSA adhesion inhibition) | Delivery | PM, LBW, PTB, anaemiag |
Fowkes, 2012 [57] | Maela, Thailand | 1998–2000 | Low | nCC (467)l | All; Case 22.1, control 15.7 | Cases: median (IQR) 24.5 (20–30.5); Controls: 26 (21–31) | Pregnant women were randomized to CQ or placebo for P. vivax chemoprophylaxis | VAR2CSA DBL5ε | T1 | PI |
Fried, 2018 [42] | Ouelessebougou, Mali | 2010–2013 | Intermediate | cohort (657) | All; 25.8 | 24.1 (6.4) | SP | VAR2CSA: ID1-ID2a, DBL2, DBL3, DBL3–4, DBL4, DBL5 | T1/T2/T3 and deliverym | PM, LBW, PTB, PI |
Gnidehou, 2014 [58] | Cordoba, Colombia | DNS | Low | CC (55)n | All; 16 | 21 (6) | No | VAR2CSA: DBL5ε, DBL3X, ID1-ID2 | T2/T3/delivery | PI |
Guitard, 2008 [59] | Thiadiaye, Senegal | 2001 | Low | cohort (261) | Allo; 22.3 | 24.1 (6.1) | No | VAR2CSA DBL5ε | T1/T2 and delivery | PM |
Lloyd, 2018 [60] | Yaounde, Cameroon | 1995–2001 | Intermediate | CC (1377)p | All; 35.7 | 25.8 (5.9) | No | VAR2CSA: FV2 | Delivery | Anaemiaq, PM, PTB, and LBW. |
McLean, 2017 [63] | Madang, PNG | 2005–2007 | Low | CS from cohort (204) | All; 43.2 | median (IQR) 24 (21–28) | Chloroquine prophylaxis | VAR2CSA: DBL5r | Delivery | PM |
Megnekou, 2005 [43] | Etoa and Yaounde, Cameroon | 1996–1998 | Etoa: High; Yaounde: Intermediate | Cohort (Etoa 29; Yaounde 186) | All; Yaounde 47, Etoa 48 | Yaounde range 15–40; Etoa range 14–38 | < 40% used chemoprophylaxis | pRBC: FCR3 | T1/T2, T2/T3s | PI |
Staalsoe, 2001 [35] | Ebolowa and Yaounde, Cameroon | 1992–1996 | Ebolowa: High; Yaounde: Intermediate | Ebolowa: CS (113); Yaounde: CS (45); | Ebolowa: All; 48.7 Yaounde: SG/MG | DNS | Some chemoprophylaxis | pRBC: Palo Alto | Delivery | PM |
Staalsoe, 2004 [61] | Kilifi, Kenya | 1996–1997 | Intermediate | CS (477)t | All; 22.2 | Range 14–35+ | No | pRBC: EJ24 | Delivery | PMu, PI, SAv, LBW |
Teo, 2014 [62] | Blantyre, Malawi | 1999–2006 | Intermediate | Malawi: CS (332) | SG/MG | Median (IQR) 25 (21–27) | SP | pRBC: CS2, VAR2CSA DBL5Ɛ | Delivery | LBWw |