Table 2 The 20-year cumulative impact and cost-effectiveness of vaccination of children aged 2–16 years at 50% coverage in the Netherlands. Events are shown for the entire population and for the targeted age group only. Outcomes are averaged over 1000 simulations. QALY losses and costs include an annual discount rate of 1.5% and 4%, respectively. CP Current program, HC Healthcare, y years
Outcome | Within the general population | Within children aged 2–16 y | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CP | CP + 2–16 y | Difference | CP | CP + 2–16 y | Difference | |
QALY loss (thousands) | ||||||
 QALY loss illness | 23 | 19 | − 4 | 6.2 | 3.9 | − 2.3 |
 QALY loss mortality | 410 | 370 | − 39 | 1.1 | 0.8 | − 0.3 |
 Total QALY loss | 433 | 389 | − 44 | 7.3 | 4.7 | − 2.6 |
Costs (€, millions) | ||||||
 Vaccination | 964 | 1250 | 286 | 17 | 303 | 286 |
 Direct HC costs | 467 | 398 | − 69 | 65 | 39 | − 26 |
 Indirect HC costs | 0 | 344 | 344 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Patient costs | 482 | 396 | − 86 | 128 | 82 | − 47 |
 Productivity loss | 2214 | 1911 | − 303 | 179 | 115 | − 64 |
 Total costs | 4127 | 4299 | 172 | 390 | 539 | 149 |
Cost-effectiveness | ||||||
 ICER (€/QALY gained) |  |  | 3944 |  |  | 57,054 |