Table 1 Sample characteristics at birth by childhood overweight/obesity status
|  | Age 4–5 years (n = 14,084) | Age 10–11 years (n = 5637) | Missing (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not overweight or obese, < 85th centile | Overweight/obese, ≥ 85th centile | Not overweight or obese, < 85th centile | Overweight/obese, ≥ 85th centile | ||
Total | 10,826 (76.9%) | 3258 (23.1%) | 3687 (65.4%) | 1950 (34.6%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Maternal BMI at booking (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 63 (0.4%) |
 Underweight (< 18.5) | 429 (4.0%) | 56 (1.7%) | 161 (4.4%) | 36 (1.9%) |  |
 Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 5978 (55.2%) | 1286 (39.5%) | 2251 (61.1%) | 844 (43.3%) |  |
 Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 2627 (24.3%) | 956 (29.3%) | 828 (22.5%) | 554 (28.4%) |  |
 Obese (> 30.0) | 1792 (16.6%) | 960 (29.5%) | 447 (12.1%) | 516 (26.5%) |  |
Maternal age mean (SD) | 27.6 (5.9) | 27.3 (6.0) | 27.1 (6.0) | 27.0 (6.1) | 0 (0.0%) |
Maternal smoking at booking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 63 (0.4%) |
 Never smoker | 5324 (49.4%) | 1393 (42.9%) | 1785 (48.6%) | 838 (43.2%) |  |
 Ex-smoker | 3288 (30.5%) | 1004 (30.9%) | 1064 (29.0%) | 560 (28.9%) |  |
 Up to 10 cigarettes per day | 1291 (12.0%) | 503 (15.5%) | 444 (12.1%) | 287 (14.8%) |  |
 10–20 cigarettes per day | 816 (7.6%) | 314 (9.7%) | 353 (9.6%) | 237 (12.2%) |  |
 > 20 cigarettes per day | 68 (0.6%) | 33 (1.0%) | 25 (0.7%) | 18 (0.9%) |  |
Maternal ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0 (0.0%) |
 White | 8735 (80.7%) | 2645 (81.2%) | 2939 (79.7%) | 1483 (76.1%) |  |
 Mixed | 140 (1.3%) | 58 (1.8%) | 40 (1.1%) | 39 (2.0%) |  |
 Asian | 1021 (9.4%) | 284 (8.7%) | 284 (7.7%) | 176 (9.0%) |  |
 Black/African/Caribbean | 222 (2.1%) | 95 (2.9%) | 45 (1.2%) | 47 (2.4%) |  |
 Others | 214 (2.0%) | 53 (1.6%) | 70 (1.9%) | 37 (1.9%) |  |
 Not known | 494 (4.6%) | 123 (3.8%) | 309 (8.4%) | 168 (8.6%) |  |
Maternal highest education at booking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 25 (0.2%) |
 University | 2301 (21.3%) | 518 (15.9%) | 647 (17.6%) | 232 (11.9%) |  |
 College | 4350 (40.2%) | 1348 (41.4%) | 1366 (37.1%) | 752 (38.6%) |  |
 Up to secondary school | 4162 (38.5%) | 1388 (42.7%) | 1667 (45.3%) | 962 (49.4%) |  |
Maternal employment at booking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 165 (1.0%) |
 Unemployed | 4110 (38.4%) | 1343 (41.6%) | 1446 (39.6%) | 832 (43.1%) |  |
Maternal parity at booking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0 (0.0%) |
 No previous live births | 4815 (44.5%) | 1329 (40.8%) | 1662 (45.1%) | 815 (41.8%) |  |
 One previous live birth | 3693 (34.1%) | 1112 (34.1%) | 1230 (33.4%) | 645 (33.1%) |  |
 Two previous live births | 1459 (13.5%) | 496 (15.2%) | 512 (13.9%) | 295 (15.1%) |  |
 Three or more previous live births | 859 (7.9%) | 321 (9.9%) | 283 (7.7%) | 195 (10.0%) |  |
Birthweight centile mean (SD) | 47 (29.1) | 56 (29.3) | 47 (29.4) | 52 (29.8) | Â |
 Did not change home LSOA | 8717 (77.1%) | 2109 (76.1%) | 1771 (48.0%) | 901 (46.2%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Changed home LSOA | 2595 (22.9%) | 663 (23.9%) | 1916 (52.0%) | 1049 (53.8%) |  |
Area measures | |||||
 Greenspace % LSOA (SD) | 26.0 (19.0) | 26.2 (19.1) | 27.8 (19.9) | 26.3 (18.7) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Greenspace % MSOA (SD) | 29.0 (17.7) | 28.7 (17.3) | 30.8 (18.6) | 28.7 (17.5) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Walkability LSOA (SD) | 1.7 (2.8) | 1.8 (2.7) | 1.5 (2.8) | 1.7 (2.7) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Walkability MSOA (SD) | 2.8 (2.7) | 2.9 (2.7) | 2.7 (2.8) | 2.9 (2.6) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Supermarket density LSOA (SD) | 1.0 (0.9) | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Supermarket density MSOA (SD) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Unhealthy food index LSOA (SD) | 6.2 (6.4) | 6.3 (6.5) | 4.2 (3.6) | 4.4 (3.6) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Unhealthy food index MSOA (SD) | 5.4 (4.4) | 5.4 (4.4) | 3.8 (2.4) | 4.0 (2.4) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Spaces for social interaction LSOA (SD) | 7.3 (5.2) | 7.5 (5.1) | 6.8 (4.8) | 7.1 (4.9) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Spaces for social interaction MSOA (SD) | 6.6 (3.9) | 6.8 (3.9) | 6.2 (3.8) | 6.6 (3.8) | 0 (0.0%) |
 PM2.5 LSOA (SD) | 13.2 (1.5) | 13.1 (1.5) | 12.8 (1.2) | 12.8 (1.2) | 0 (0.0%) |
 PM2.5 MSOA (SD) | 13.1 (1.5) | 13.1 (1.4) | 12.8 (1.2) | 12.8 (1.2) | 0 (0.0%) |
 PM 10 LSOA (SD) | 18.6 (2.4) | 18.5 (2.3) | 19.8 (1.5) | 19.9 (1.5) | 0 (0.0%) |
 PM10 MSOA (SD) | 18.6 (2.3) | 18.5 (2.3) | 19.7 (1.5) | 19.8 (1.5) | 0 (0.0%) |
 NOx LSOA (SD) | 40.2 (12.7) | 40.2 (12.9) | 31.8 (6.0) | 32.1 (6.2) | 0 (0.0%) |
 NOx MSOA (SD) | 40.2 (12.5) | 40.0 (12.4) | 31.4 (5.5) | 31.6 (5.5) | 0 (0.0%) |