Table 2 Reported adverse events by therapeutic class
Class | Number | Withdrawn due to medication | Adverse effects reported (percentage of total participants) | Â | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (%) | Cough (%) | Headache (%) | Dizziness or postural hypotension (%) | Angioedema (%) | Ankle swelling (%) | Hypokalaemia (%) | Acute kidney injury (%) | Cardiac events (%) | Other serious events (%) | Death | |||
ACEi or ARB | |||||||||||||
 Monotherapy | 127 | 6 | 28.3 | 3.1 | – | 2.4 | – | – | – | 1.6 | 0.79 | 0.8 | – |
 Total | 638 | 24 | 17.2 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.9 |  | 0.14 | 0.1 | – |
Beta-blockers | |||||||||||||
 Monotherapy | 135 | 0 | 8.1 | – | – | 2.2 | – | – | – | – | 1.21 | – | – |
 Total | 194 | 0 | 8.2 | – | 0.5 | 1.5 | – | – | 1.0 | – | 1.18 | – | – |
CCB | |||||||||||||
 Monotherapy | 334 | 25 | 22.5 | 0.3 | 6.3 | 1.8 | – | 1.8 | 0.6 | – | 0.47 | – | 1* |
 Total | 752 | 27 | 20.3 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 2.1 | – | 0.25 | – | – |
Diuretics | |||||||||||||
 Monotherapy | 120 | 0 | 4.2 | – | – | 1.7 | – | – | – | – | 0.47 | 0.5 | 1†|
 Total | 708 | 20 | 11.9 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 3.0 | – | 0.21 | 0.1 | – |
Other agents | |||||||||||||
 Methyldopa | 13 | 1 | 76.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 Potassium | 42 | 0 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 Placebo | 39 | 0 | 0.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1~ |
 K+ sparing agents in combination | 56 | 0 | 10.7 | – | 1.8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |