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Table 2 Risk ratios for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 amongst those tested (N = 2658) in UK Biobank

From: Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: prospective cohort study using UK Biobank

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 6

RR [95% CI]

RR [95% CI]

RR [95% CI]

RR [95% CI]

RR [95% CI]

RR [95% CI]

Ethnicity

      

 White British (reference group)

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

 White Irish

1.166 [0.877, 1.549]

1.165 [0.877, 1.548]

1.133 [0.853, 1.505]

1.169 [0.877, 1.556]

1.150 [0.866, 1.527]

1.132 [0.851, 1.507]

 White Other

1.093 [0.814, 1.467]

1.034 [0.737, 1.452]

1.020 [0.718, 1.448]

1.045 [0.743, 1.470]

1.037 [0.739, 1.454]

1.020 [0.718, 1.449]

 South Asian

1.490*** [1.189, 1.868]

1.384* [1.011, 1.894]

1.270 [0.917, 1.759]

1.382* [1.009, 1.892]

1.355 [0.974, 1.885]

1.279 [0.908, 1.802]

 Black

1.489*** [1.215, 1.825]

1.405* [1.075, 1.836]

1.324* [1.011, 1.734]

1.388* [1.062, 1.813]

1.355* [1.031, 1.781]

1.289 [0.978, 1.699]

Socioeconomic deprivation

      

 Quartile 1 (most advantaged, reference group)

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

 Quartile 2

1.035 [0.874, 1.224]

1.039 [0.878, 1.229]

1.023 [0.865, 1.210]

1.039 [0.878, 1.229]

1.035 [0.875, 1.225]

1.020 [0.862, 1.207]

 Quartile 3

1.050 [0.894, 1.233]

1.039 [0.884, 1.220]

1.012 [0.861, 1.191]

1.041 [0.885, 1.223]

1.028 [0.875, 1.207]

1.011 [0.860, 1.190]

 Quartile 4 (least advantaged)

1.209* [1.038, 1.408]

1.164 [0.997, 1.358]

1.135 [0.962, 1.340]

1.158 [0.989, 1.355]

1.133 [0.968, 1.326]

1.114 [0.943, 1.316]

Education level

      

 College or university degree (reference group)

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

 A levels/AS levels or equivalent

1.049 [0.867, 1.270]

1.057 [0.873, 1.279]

1.060 [0.877, 1.282]

1.048 [0.866, 1.269]

1.045 [0.862, 1.265]

1.043 [0.862, 1.262]

 O levels/GCSEs/CSEs or equivalent

1.121 [0.971, 1.295]

1.135 [0.982, 1.311]

1.131 [0.976, 1.311]

1.132 [0.979, 1.309]

1.093 [0.945, 1.263]

1.092 [0.942, 1.266]

 Others

1.310** [1.111, 1.544]

1.301** [1.104, 1.533]

1.236* [1.045, 1.461]

1.306** [1.107, 1.541]

1.257** [1.066, 1.482]

1.207* [1.019, 1.428]

 None of the above

1.227** [1.055, 1.428]

1.230** [1.057, 1.430]

1.210* [1.032, 1.419]

1.228** [1.053, 1.432]

1.188* [1.018, 1.386]

1.180* [1.005, 1.385]

  1. Note: RRs shown are for the relationship between each variable shown and the risk of testing positive amongst those who have had a test. Coefficients for the Chinese, mixed and other groups and for the covariates included are not shown. RR risk ratio. 95% confidence intervals in brackets
  2. Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, assessment centre
  3. Model 2: 1 + ethnicity, country of birth
  4. Model 3: 2 + education level, household size, socioeconomic deprivation, housing tenure, urbanicity, employment status, manual occupation, healthcare worker
  5. Model 4: 2 + longstanding illness/disability, number of chronic conditions, self-rated health
  6. Model 5: 2 + body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption
  7. Model 6: All of the above covariates
  8. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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