| | Non-severe (n = 209) | Severe (n = 299) | All AKI (n = 508) | P value |
|---|
Sepsis | 48 (23.0%) | 61 (20.4%) | 107 (27.5%) | 0.49 |
Renal hypoperfusiona | 114 (54.6%) | 127 (42.5%) | 241 (47.4%) | 0.01 |
Toxin and poisoningb | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.401 |
Trauma and surgery | 21 (10.1%) | 39 (13.0%) | 60 (11.8%) | 0.30 |
Systemic diseasesc | 1 (0.5%) | 0 | 1 (0.2%) | 0.411 |
Genitourinary diseasesd | 4 (1.9%) | 4 (1.3%) | 8 (1.6%) | 0.721 |
Tropical infectione | 4 (1.9%) | 2 (0.7%) | 6 (1.2%) | 0.241 |
Obstetric complicationsf | 5 (2.4%) | 5 (1.7%) | 10 (2.0%) | 0.751 |
Otherg | 12 (5.7%) | 60 (20.1%) | 72 (14.2%) | < 0.001 |
- 1P value from Fisher’s exact test instead of chi-square test
- aRenal hypoperfusion included hypotension, hemorrhage, volume depletion, and cardiorenal syndrome
- bToxin and poisoning included envenomation, snake bites, wasp or bee stings, and mushroom and pesticide ingestion
- cSystemic diseases included connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis
- dGenitourinary diseases included obstructive uropathy, renal stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and malignancy in the kidney, bladder, and ureteral system
- eTropical infectious disease included leptospirosis, malaria, scrub typhus, and dengue fever
- fObstetric complications included eclampsia or severe preeclampsia, septic abortion, postpartum hemorrhage, ruptured placenta, and hyperemesis gravidarum
- gOthers included patients with missing AKI etiologies
