Table 3 Table summarizing the recommended antimicrobial treatment regimens to treat invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections
Antibiotic class | Antibiotic agent | Treatment | Recommended dosage and duration | Guideline (country, year) | Recommendation based on | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observational/case studies | Other reviews/guidelines | Evidence in enteric fever | No reference to literature* | |||||
Penicillins | Ampicillin, amoxicillin | First or second choice (if susceptible) | Dose: Children: 90–200 mg/kg/day in 3 doses/day Adults: 10–12 g/day | [89] | [96] | |||
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | First or second choice (if susceptible) | Dose: Children: 40/8 mg/kg/day in 2 doses/day Adults: 1600/320 mg/day in 2 doses/day or 24/4.8–30/6 mg/kg/day in 3 doses/day | US, 2019 [97] US, 2018 [98] | ||||
Chloramphenicol | Chloramphenicol | First or second choice (if susceptible) | Dose: Children and adults: 50–100 mg/kg/day | |||||
Third-generation cephalosporins | [105] | |||||||
Ceftriaxone | First or second choice | Dose: Children: 50–100 mg/kg/day in 1–2 doses/day Adults: or 75 mg/kg/day or 1–2 g/day in 1 dose/day | US, 2018 [98] US, 2019 [97] US, 2018 [106] CA, 2019 [107] FR, 2017 [108] | |||||
Cefotaxime | First or second choice | Dose: Children: 100–200 mg/kg/day in 4 doses/day Adults: 1–6 g/day in 3–6 doses/day | US, 2019 [97] | |||||
Ceftazidime, cefoperazone, moxalactam, aztreonam | Second choice | [83] | [92] | |||||
Fluoroquinolones | US, 2018 [106] FR, 2008 [115] | [90] | ||||||
Ciprofloxacin | First or second choice | Dose: Children: 20 mg/kg/day IV or 20–30 mg/kg/day PO in 2 doses/day Adults: 800 mg IV or 1000–1500 mg PO in 2 doses/day | US, 2019 [97] US, 2018 [98] | [115] | ||||
Gatifloxacin | Second choice | Dose: 10 mg/kg/day | [5] | |||||
Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin | Second choice | Dose: Adults: levofloxacin: 750 mg/day PO/IV in 1 dose/day Adults: moxifloxacin: 400 mg/day PO/IV in 1 dose/day | US, 2019 [97] US, 2018 [98] | [101] | [98] | |||
Pefloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, trovafloxacin | Second choice | [110] | [93] | |||||
Macrolides | Azithromycin | Second choice | Dose: Children: 10–20 mg/kg/day PO | CA, 2019 [107] US, 2018 [106] US, 2018 [98] | [91] | [5] | ||
Carbapenems | Imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem | Second choice | [110] | [5] | ||||
Tigecycline | Tigecycline | Second choice | [5] | [91] | ||||