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Table 3 The association between unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) levels and colorectal cancer risk across strata of potential effect modifiers in the EPIC study

From: Circulating bilirubin levels and risk of colorectal cancer: serological and Mendelian randomization analyses

Colorectal cancer

Variables

Men

Women

n cases/controls†

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Pheterogeneity

n cases/controls†

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Pheterogeneity

Adjusted model

658/658

1.19 (1.04–1.36)

0.01

 

728/728

0.86 (0.76–0.97)

0.02

 

Age at blood collection (year, median)

658/658

  

0.30

728/728

  

0.008

< 59.2/< 58.5

329/329

1.28 (1.06–1.54)

  

364/364

1.01 (0.85–1.19)

> 0.90

 

≥ 59.2/≥ 58.5

329/329

1.10 (0.92–1.32)

  

364/364

0.73 (0.61–0.87)

0.001

 

rs6431625 (increasing levels C allele)

333/333

  

0.02

428/428

  

0.14

TT genotype (wild-type)

117/139

1.1 (0.73–1.65)

0.60

 

168/151

0.69 (0.49–0.99)

0.04

 

TC genotype

160/146

0.92 (0.64–1.32)

0.60

 

194/206

0.71 (0.53–0.95)

0.02

 

CC genotype

56/48

2.01 (1.26–3.20)

0.003

 

66/71

1.06 (0.74–1.53)

0.7

 

Smoking status

658/658

  

0.40

728/728

  

0.20

 Never

170/170

1.26 (1.00–1.59)

0.05

 

427/427

0.83 (0.71–0.98)

0.03

 

 Former

294/294

1.06 (0.86–1.30)

0.60

 

160/160

0.84 (0.66–1.07)

0.20

 

 Current

182/182

1.33 (1.08–1.64)

0.01

 

137/137

0.99 (0.78–1.25)

0.90

 

 Unknown

12/12

0.93 (0.35–2.49)

0.90

 

4/4

0.05 (0.00–0.1)

0.20

 

Follow-up time (years)

658/658

  

0.20

728/728

  

0.60

 1 (< 2)

141/141

0.96 (0.74–1.25)

0.80

 

158/158

0.82 (0.65–1.05)

0.10

 

 2 (2–4)

173/173

1.34 (1.04–1.72)

0.02

 

160/160

0.96 (0.76–1.23)

0.80

 

 3 (> 4)

244/244

1.23 (1.03–1.50)

0.02

 

280/380

0.84 (0.71–0.99)

0.04

 
  1. No effect modifications by BMI (median), alcohol consumption (median), menopausal status, and use of HT were observed (all P ≥ 0.7)
  2. Abbreviations: n number, P P value, CI confidence interval
  3. †Cases matched 1:1 to control subjects. EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition): Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between log-transformed UCB levels (log-UCB), standardized per one standard deviation (1-SD) increments, and CRC risk. The crude model was conditioned on the matching factors including study center, age at blood collection (1 year), fasting status and time (3 h intervals) at blood collection, among women, additionally by menopausal status (pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal or surgically menopausal), and hormone therapy (HT) (yes, no). The multivariable model was adjusted for level of education (none/primary school, technical/professional, secondary school, university degree), BMI, height, smoking status (never, former, current smoker), physical activity (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, active), alcohol consumption (g/day), dietary intakes of fiber (g/day), red meat (g/day), processed meats (g/day), dairy products (g/day), and total energy intake (kcal/day)
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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