Fig. 1

Manhattan plot for the metabolomic differences in women with each preterm delivery (PTD) subgroup compared to women with term delivery. The upper panel presents metabolites that were higher, and the lower panel presents metabolites that were lower in women with medically indicated PTD and preeclampsia (a), in women with medically indicated PTD only (b), and in women with spontaneous PTD (c), respectively. The analyses were adjusted for maternal age at delivery, maternal ethnicity/race, maternal birthplace, pregestational BMI category, pregestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, marital status, highest education level, parity, smoking during pregnancy, illicit drug use, lifetime stress, and fetal sex. X-axis represents the metabolite classes. AA amino acid, AC acylcarnitine, FA fatty acid and conjugate, QA quaternary amine, CE cholesterol ester, DAG diacylglycerol, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC_P lysophosphatidylcholine plasmalogen, LPE lysophosphatidylethanolamine, MAG monoacylglycerol, PC phosphatidylcholine, PC_P phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, PE_P phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen, PI phosphatidylinositol, SM sphingomyelin, TAG triacylglycerol