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Table 2 Maternal metabolites that were significantly different in women of each preterm delivery (PTD) subgroups, compared to women with term delivery

From: Postpartum plasma metabolomic profile among women with preeclampsia and preterm delivery: implications for long-term health

Maternal metabolitesa

Metabolite classes

mPTD + preeclampsiab

mPTD only

sPTD

Beta ± SEc

P

Beta ± SEc

P

Beta ± SEc

P

Alloisoleucine

Amino acid

− 0.02 ± 0.12

0.88

− 0.32 ± 0.14

0.02

− 0.31 ± 0.07

2.2 × 10−5

Creatine

Amino acid

0.98 ± 0.12

1.4 × 10−15

0.34 ± 0.14

0.01

0.28 ± 0.07

1.5 × 10−4

Creatinine

Amino acid

0.27 ± 0.12

0.02

− 0.03 ± 0.14

0.82

− 0.29 ± 0.07

7.8 × 10− 5

Cystine

Amino acid

0.70 ± 0.12

6.4 × 10−9

0.08 ± 0.14

0.56

0.02 ± 0.07

0.82

Glutamine

Amino acid

0.52 ± 0.12

2.3 × 10−5

0.21 ± 0.14

0.13

0.01 ± 0.07

0.88

Homocitrulline

Amino acid

0.47 ± 0.12

1.2 × 10−4

− 0.03 ± 0.14

0.84

− 0.09 ± 0.07

0.22

N-Acetyltryptophan

Amino acid

0.68 ± 0.12

2.8 × 10−8

− 0.10 ± 0.14

0.47

− 0.10 ± 0.07

0.19

N-Acetylputrescine

Amino acid

0.55 ± 0.12

7.7 × 10−6

0.22 ± 0.14

0.12

− 0.13 ± 0.07

0.07

N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine

Amino acid

0.62 ± 0.12

3.5 × 10−7

0.29 ± 0.14

0.04

0.08 ± 0.07

0.31

Pyroglutamic acid

Amino acid

0.31 ± 0.12

0.01

0.18 ± 0.14

0.22

0.29 ± 0.08

1.3 × 10−4

C3 carnitine

Acylcarnitine

0.57 ± 0.12

4.6 × 10−6

0.09 ± 0.14

0.54

0.13 ± 0.08

0.08

C5-DC carnitine

Acylcarnitine

0.63 ± 0.12

2.0 × 10−7

0.13 ± 0.14

0.37

− 0.09 ± 0.07

0.21

C8 carnitine

Acylcarnitine

0.54 ± 0.12

7.3 × 10−6

0.30 ± 0.14

0.03

− 0.05 ± 0.07

0.52

C9 carnitine

Acylcarnitine

− 0.16 ± 0.12

0.18

− 0.15 ± 0.14

0.28

− 0.36 ± 0.07

1.4 × 10−6

Anthranilic acid

Aminobenzoic acid

− 0.63 ± 0.12

2.9 × 10−7

− 0.52 ± 0.14

2.4 × 10−4

− 0.33 ± 0.08

1.0 × 10−5

Bilirubin

Cofactors

− 0.52 ± 0.12

1.4 × 10−5

0.15 ± 0.14

0.29

− 0.44 ± 0.07

2.9 × 10−9

Niacinamide

Cofactors

0.18 ± 0.12

0.15

0.07 ± 0.14

0.60

0.29 ± 0.08

1.2 × 10−4

4-Acetamidobutanoate

Fatty acid

0.57 ± 0.12

2.2 × 10−6

− 0.03 ± 0.14

0.84

− 0.30 ± 0.07

4.8 × 10−5

Imidazole propionate

Imidazole

0.56 ± 0.12

2.8 × 10−6

0.39 ± 0.14

0.004

0.27 ± 0.07

2.1 × 10−4

Cytosine

Nucleotide

− 0.56 ± 0.12

3.7 × 10−6

0.16 ± 0.14

0.25

− 0.21 ± 0.07

0.01

6,8-Dihydroxypurine

Nucleotide

0.60 ± 0.12

8.8 × 10−7

0.24 ± 0.14

0.09

0.09 ± 0.07

0.23

1-Methyladenosine

Nucleotide

− 0.04 ± 0.12

0.72

− 0.00 ± 0.14

0.97

− 0.29 ± 0.07

1.0 × 10−4

1-Methylguanine

Nucleotide

− 0.48 ± 0.12

8.6 × 10−5

0.04 ± 0.14

0.77

− 0.23 ± 0.08

0.003

7-Methylguanine

Nucleotide

− 0.29 ± 0.12

0.02

− 0.10 ± 0.14

0.48

− 0.35 ± 0.07

3.6 × 10−6

Urate

Nucleotide

0.65 ± 0.12

6.5 × 10−8

0.29 ± 0.14

0.03

− 0.31 ± 0.07

1.7 × 10−5

Carnitine

Quaternary amine

0.58 ± 0.12

2.9 × 10−6

0.12 ± 0.14

0.42

− 0.09 ± 0.08

0.24

Phosphocholine

Quaternary amine

0.23 ± 0.12

0.06

0.18 ± 0.14

0.21

0.43 ± 0.08

1.21 × 10−8

Cortisol

Steroid

− 0.95 ± 0.12

3.1 × 10−15

− 0.35 ± 0.14

0.01

− 0.39 ± 0.07

1.61 × 10−7

Lipids

 C14:0 CE

Cholesteryl ester

− 0.52 ± 0.11

4.2 × 10−6

− 0.33 ± 0.13

0.01

− 0.07 ± 0.07

0.28

 C18:2 CE

Cholesteryl ester

− 0.66 ± 0.12

3.4 × 10−8

0.00 ± 0.14

0.98

0.09 ± 0.07

0.22

 C16:0 Ceramide

Ceramide

0.55 ± 0.12

3.4 × 10−6

0.26 ± 0.14

0.06

0.07 ± 0.07

0.30

 C34:1 DAG/TAG fragment

Diacylglycerol

0.64 ± 0.12

1.2 × 10−7

0.28 ± 0.14

0.04

− 0.01 ± 0.07

0.85

 C36:2 DAG

Diacylglycerol

0.78 ± 0.12

4.4 × 10−11

0.10 ± 0.13

0.47

− 0.05 ± 0.07

0.47

 C38:5 DAG

Diacylglycerol

0.79 ± 0.12

4.5 × 10−11

0.15 ± 0.14

0.28

0.09 ± 0.07

0.23

 C22:6 LPC

LPC

0.65 ± 0.12

7.7 × 10−8

0.41 ± 0.14

0.003

0.25 ± 0.07

7.6 × 10−4

 C22:6 LPE

LPE

0.62 ± 0.12

3.1 × 10−7

0.39 ± 0.14

0.01

0.24 ± 0.07

0.001

 C40:6 PC

PC

0.65 ± 0.12

3.8 × 10−8

0.38 ± 0.14

0.01

0.12 ± 0.07

0.10

 C34:2 PE

PE

− 0.06 ± 0.11

0.62

− 0.74 ± 0.13

2.4 × 10−8

− 0.25 ± 0.07

4.8 × 10−4

 C52:2 TAG

Triacylglycerol

0.71 ± 0.12

1.1 × 10−9

0.06 ± 0.13

0.63

− 0.15 ± 0.07

0.04

Others

 Methylguanidine

Others

0.56 ± 0.12

5.2 × 10−6

− 0.17 ± 0.14

0.23

− 0.10 ± 0.07

0.16

 Trimethylamine-N-oxide

Others

− 0.05 ± 0.12

0.70

0.04 ± 0.14

0.78

− 0.31 ± 0.07

3.5 × 10−5

  1. LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, LPE lysophosphatidylethanolamine, PC phosphatidylcholine, PE phosphatidylethanolamine
  2. aThis table includes metabolites significantly different in any of the three PTD subgroups compared to the term controls, after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing (P < 1.3 × 10−4). For two or more highly correlated metabolites (with r > 0.60), only one representative metabolite is included in the table, and the others are shown in Supplementary Table S1
  3. bIncluding preeclampsia, eclampsia, and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet syndrome (HELLP)
  4. cAdjusted for an array of conventional and clinical factors, including maternal age at delivery, maternal ethnicity/race, maternal birthplace pregestational BMI category, pregestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, marital status, highest education level, parity, smoking during pregnancy, illicit drug use, lifetime stress, and fetal sex
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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