Table 5 The top five most commonly reported pathogens in Southern Africa, stratified by time period
1980 to ≤ 1990 | 1991 to ≤ 2000 | 2001 to ≤ 2010 | 2011 to ≤ 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | Non-typhoidal Salmonella (n = 8) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 7) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 4) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 15) |
Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 7) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 5) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4) | Escherichia coli (n = 10) | |
Neisseria meningitidis (n = 7) | Staphylococcus, coagulase negative (n = 3) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 3) | Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 8) | |
Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6) | Klebsiella spp. (n = 3) | Escherichia coli (n = 3) | Enterobacter spp. (n = 8) | |
Haemophilus spp. (n = 4) | Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3) | Streptococcus, viridans group (n = 2) | Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 8) | |
Viruses | CCHF virus (n = 6) | CCHF virus (n = 3) | – | Rift Valley fever virus (n = 3) |
Rift Valley fever virus (n = 5) | Genus Cytomegalovirus (n = 1) | – | Wesselsbron virus (n = 1) | |
West Nile virus (n = 2) | Adenovirus (n = 1) | – | Sindbis virus (n = 1) | |
Wesselsbron virus (n = 2) | – | – | Human herpes simplex virus type 1 (n = 1) | |
Sindbis virus (n = 2) | – | – | Human enterovirus (n = 1) | |
Parasites | Taenia spp. (n = 1) | – | – | – |
– | ||||
Fungi | Candida spp. (n = 1) | Candida albicans (n = 1) | Candida albicans (n = 2) | Candida spp. (n = 5) |
– | – | Candida spp. (n = 1) | Cryptococcus spp. (n = 4) | |
– | – | Candida parapsilosis (n = 1) | Candida albicans (n = 4) | |
– | – | Fungus (n = 1) | Candida parapsilosis (n = 3) | |
– | – | – | Candida tropicalis (n = 2) |