Table 2 Hazard ratios for incident lymphoid neoplasms and other cancer in malaria patients
From: Malaria and risk of lymphoid neoplasms and other cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Malaria, all sourcesa (N = 4125) | Confirmed malariab (N = 2854) | |||||
Lymphoid neoplasms among malaria patients, n (%) | Lymphoid neoplasms among comparators, n (%) | HR (95% CI) | Lymphoid neoplasms among malaria patients, n (%) | Lymphoid neoplasms among comparators, n (%) | HR (95% CI) | |
All | 20 | 304 | 1.24 (0.79–1.94) | 14 | 194 | 1.26 (0.73–2.16) |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 13 (65.0) | 210 (69.1) | 1.12 (0.64–1.95) | 9 (64.2) | 142 (73.2) | 1.09 (0.56–2.14) |
Female | 7 (35.0) | 94 (30.9) | 1.49 (0.69–3.20) | 5 (35.7) | 52 (26.8) | 1.68 (0.67–4.22) |
Follow-up time (y) | ||||||
< 5 | 5 (25.0) | 82 (27.0) | 0.91 (0.37–2.24) | 2 (14.3) | 45 (23.2) | 0.64 (0.16–2.65) |
5–9 | 5 (25.0) | 78 (25.7) | 1.06 (0.43–2.62) | 4 (28.6) | 48 (24.7) | 1.30 (0.57–3.60) |
10–19 | 7 (35.0) | 108 (35.5) | 1.24 (0.58–2.67) | 7 (50.0) | 80 (41.2) | 1.45 (0.67–3.14) |
20–30 | 3 (15.0) | 36 (11.8) | 1.38 (0.42–4.51) | 1 (7.1) | 21 (10.8) | 0.86 (0.12–6.43) |
Years of entry | ||||||
1987–1994 | 9 (45.0) | 109 (35.9) | 1.51 (0.77–2.99) | 6 (42.9) | 67 (34.5) | 1.69 (0.73–3.90) |
1995–2004 | 6 (30.0) | 155 (51.0) | 0.73 (0.32–1.66) | 5 (35.7) | 103 (53.1) | 0.81 (0.33–2.00) |
2005–2015 | 5 (25.0) | 40 (13.2) | 2.29 (0.90–5.80) | 3 (21.4) | 24 (12.4) | 1.90 (0.57–6.33) |
Region of birth | ||||||
Sub-Saharan Africa | 6 (30.0) | 25 (8.2) | 1.97 (0.81–4.81) | 6 (42.9) | 21 (10.8) | 2.32 (0.94–5.76) |
Non/low-endemic | 14 (70.0) | 279 (91.8) | 1.05 (0.61–1.80) | 8 (57.1) | 173 (89.2) | 0.91 (0.45–1.85) |
Malaria, all sourcesc (N = 4027) | Confirmed malariad (N = 2812) | |||||
Cancere among malaria patients, n (%) | Cancer among comparators, n (%) | HR (95% CI) | Cancere among malaria patients, n (%) | Cancer among comparators, n (%) | HR (95% CI) | |
All | 202 | 3933 | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) | 145 | 2559 | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 112 (55.5) | 2245 (57.1) | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) | 85 (58.6) | 1522 (59.5) | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) |
Female | 90 (44.6) | 1688 (42.9) | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) | 60 (41.4) | 1037 (40.5) | 0.94 (0.73–1.23) |
Follow-up time (y) | ||||||
< 5 | 44 (21.8) | 947 (24.1) | 0.72 (0.53–0.98) | 27 (18.6) | 498 (19.5) | 0.70 (0.48–1.04) |
5–9 | 50 (24.8) | 944 (24.0) | 0.77 (0.58–1.03) | 36 (24.8) | 605 (23.6) | 0.82 (0.59–1.15) |
10–19 | 81 (40.1) | 1498 (38.1) | 0.86 (0.69–1.08) | 60 (41.4) | 1077 (42.1) | 0.86 (0.67–1.12) |
20–30 | 27 (13.4) | 544 (13.8) | 0.96 (0.65–1.41) | 22 (15.2) | 379 (14.8) | 1.17 (0.76–1.79) |
Years of entry | ||||||
1987–1994 | 79 (39.1) | 1510 (38.4) | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 58 (40.0) | 985 (38.5) | 1.16 (0.89–1.51) |
1995–2004 | 101 (50.0) | 1939 (49.3) | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) | 77 (53.1) | 1331 (52.0) | 0.94 (0.74–1.18) |
2005–2015 | 22 (10.1) | 484 (12.3) | 0.72 (0.47–1.11) | 10 (6.9) | 243 (9.5) | 0.62 (0.33–1.16) |
Region of birth | ||||||
Sub-Saharan Africa | 26 (12.9) | 207 (5.3) | 0.99 (0.66–1.50) | 19 (13.1) | 160 (6.3) | 0.93 (0.58–1.49) |
Non/low-endemic | 176 (87.1) | 3726 (94.7) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 126 (86.9) | 2399 (93.8) | 1.05 (0.87–1.25) |