Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants who were still alive vs those who were deceased by December 31, 2015
From: Relationship between serum B12 concentrations and mortality: experience in NHANES
|  |  | Still alive, N = 21,239 | Deceased, N = 3023 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, M/F (n) | 24,262 | 10,449/10,790 | 1712/1311 | 2.0 × 10−14 |
Age 18–39 years (%) | 24,262 | 41.7 | 6.0 | < 1.0 × 10−200 |
Age 40–59 years (%) |  | 32.9 | 14.3 | |
Age ≥ 60 years (%) |  | 25.4 | 79.7 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23,920 | 28.6 ± 6.7 | 28.0 ± 6.2 | 8.8 × 10−7 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 23,245 | 97 ± 16 | 100 ± 15 | 2.0 × 10−18 |
SBP (mmHg) | 23,298 | 123 ± 18 | 138 ± 25 | < 1.0 × 10−200 |
DBP (mmHg) | 23,118 | 71 ± 11 | 69 ± 13 | 2.4 × 10−17 |
WBC (× 109/l) | 24,235 | 7.2 ± 2.2 | 7.4 ± 3.3 | 2.1 × 10−10 |
Hemoglobin (mg/dl) | 24,235 | 14.2 ± 1.5 | 14.0 ± 1.7 | 1.5 × 10−15 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 14,174 | 0.19 (0.07–0.44) | 0.29 (0.14–0.67) | 3.9 × 10−70 |
Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 24,138 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 2.5 × 10−7 |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 24,141 | 5.5 ± 2.0 | 6.2 ± 2.8 | 1.8 × 10−63 |
HbA1c (%) | 24,225 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 6.0 ± 1.3 | 9.7 × 10−77 |
Creatinine (μmol/l) | 24,141 | 72 (62–88) | 80 (71–106) | 8.7 × 10−80 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 24,141 | 100 (84–116) | 77 (56–94) | < 1.0 × 10−200 |
Serum B12 (pmol/l) | 24,262 | 343 (257–463) | 354 (252–494) | 0.016 |
Serum folate (nmol/l) | 24,182 | 38.7 (27.4–53.4) | 37.7 (32.7–69.9) | 8.4 × 10−89 |
Methylmalonic acid (nmol/l)1 | 19,492 | 130 (100–172) | 175 (126–252) | 4.9 × 10−158 |
Homocysteine (μmol/l)2 | 13,681 | 7.7 (6.4–9.3) | 10.4 (8.3–13.3) | < 1.0 × 10−200 |
Ethnicity | 24,262 |  |  | 3.5 × 10−71 |
 Mexican American (n) |  | 3927 | 568 | |
 Other Hispanic (n) |  | 1433 | 90 | |
 Non-Hispanic White (n) |  | 9077 | 1730 | |
 Non-Hispanic Black (n) |  | 4811 | 543 | |
 Others, including multi-racial (n) |  | 1991 | 92 | |
Education | 22,730 |  |  | 1.8 × 10−166 |
 Level 1 (%) |  | 10.4 | 25.2 | |
 Level 2 (%) |  | 14.4 | 19.7 | |
 Level 3 (%) |  | 22.9 | 23.4 | |
 Level 4 (%) |  | 29.5 | 20.2 | |
 Level 5 (%) |  | 22.8 | 11.5 | |
Annual family income | 22,348 |  |  | 1.9 × 10−110 |
 < 25k (%) |  | 36.3 | 56.0 | |
 25–75k (%) |  | 41.3 | 36.5 | |
 > 75k (%) |  | 22.4 | 7.5 | |
Never smoking (%) | 23,179 | 51.7 | 39.9 | 3.0 × 10−33 |
Former smoking (%) | 24,262 | 19.4 | 35.5 | 7.8 × 10−90 |
Current smoking (%) | 24,262 | 26.5 | 24.0 | 0.003 |
Diabetes diagnosis (%) | 24,262 | 14.1 | 29.0 | 1.0 × 10−97 |
Hypertension diagnosis (%) | 24,262 | 30.6 | 60.3 | 2.4 × 10−226 |
Lipid diagnosis (%) | 24,262 | 29.0 | 40.3 | 9.5 × 10−37 |
CVD diagnosis (%) | 24,262 | 7.4 | 33.3 | < 1.0 × 10−300 |
Cancer diagnosis (%) | 24,262 | 6.5 | 19.4 | 3.3 × 10−130 |
Lung diagnosis (%) | 24,262 | 11.0 | 16.5 | 4.8 × 10−19 |