Table 2 Characteristics of outcomes measured using BMDs according to outcome type (n = 464). Primary outcomes were those that were explicitly reported as such in the published article or in the entry in a public clinical trial registry or, if none was explicitly reported, the outcome(s) stated in the sample size estimation. All other outcomes were considered secondary outcomes
Primary outcomes (n = 64) | Secondary outcomes (n = 400) | |
|---|---|---|
Type of sensor used | ||
Inertial measurement unit sensors | 25 (39) | 108 (27) |
Electrochemical sensors | 29 (45) | 237 (59) |
Pressure sensors (including smart cap bottles) | 3 (5) | 35 (9) |
Optical sensor | 0 (0) | 10 (2) |
Electrodes | 5 (8) | 9 (2) |
Temperature sensors | 2 (3) | 1 (0.2) |
Concept of interest assessed | ||
Diabetes control | 29 (45) | 237 (59) |
Assessment of diabetic foot complications | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) |
Physical activity | 19 (30) | 68 (17) |
Blood pressure control | 3 (5) | 29 (7) |
Adherence to treatment | 6 (9) | 16 (4) |
Heart rate variability | 5 (8) | 9 (2) |
Pulmonary capacity | 0 () | 2 (0.5) |
Sleep disturbance | 2 (3) | 37 (9) |
Prespecification of the outcome* | 42 (66) | 139 (34) |