Fig. 2

The odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for an increased frequency of depressive mood at baseline and at follow-up, for a number of lifestyle factors and confounders (in grey) measured at baseline. The variable labelled ‘Depressive Mood (Freq.)’ is measured at baseline. Results are presented both for the samples with major depressive disorder (squares) and those without a depressive disorder (triangles). Odds ratios above 1 indicate that an increase in the given lifestyle factor is associated with an increase in depressive moods from baseline to follow-up. For the categorical variables (sleep, 7–9 h; smoker; ethnicity (non-Caucasian); gender (female); and midrange BMI), the reference group is all other participants. std = standardised variables. pv = p-values for interaction