Table 4 Adjusted hazard and rate ratios for new Z-drug prescription and new prescriptions, GP consultations, and hospital admissions for people with dementia
Outcome | Â | Comparator | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Z-drug (n = 3532) | Sleep disturbance, no sedative-hypnotic (n = 1833) | No Z-drug, proximal GP consultation (n = 10,214) | Benzodiazepine (n = 5172) | |
Number of hospital admissions | ||||
 Rate per 100PY (events) | 126.7 (1944) | 93.0 (1671) | 107.7 (3563) | 129.4 (2441) |
 Age, sex-adjusted RR (95% CI) | NA | 1.34 (1.20–1.49) | 1.26 (1.15–1.39) | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) |
 Fully adjusted RR (95% CI)a | NA | 1.26 (1.13–1.40)b | 1.17 (1.07–1.27)b | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) |
Number of GP consultations | ||||
 Rate per 100PY (events) | 1387.8 (21292) | 1124.6 (20209) | 1511.7 (50021) | 1502.6 (28335) |
 Age, sex-adjusted RR (95% CI) | NA | 1.29 (1.22–1.37) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 0.94 (0.90–0.98) |
 Fully adjusted RR (95% CI)a | NA | 1.17 (1.12–1.23)b | 1.07 (1.04–1.11)b | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) |
New antipsychotic prescription | ||||
 Incidence rate per 100PY (events) | 38.7 (331) | 10.3 (130) | 15.2 (227) | 75.4 (532) |
 Age, sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | NA | 2.53 (2.03–3.14) | 3.68 (3.10–4.37) | 0.79 (0.68–0.90) |
 Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)a | NA | 2.37 (1.84–3.04)b | 3.85 (3.18–4.65)b | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) |
New antidepressant prescription | ||||
 Incidence rate per 100PY (events) | 23.8 (172) | 8.2 (82) | 10.3 (199) | 30.3 (242) |
 Age, sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | NA | 2.24 (1.70–2.94) | 2.52 (2.05–3.10) | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) |
 Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)a | NA | 2.32 (1.65–3.25)b | 2.65 (2.09–3.37)b | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) |
New antibiotic prescription | ||||
 Incidence rate per 100PY (events) | 109.1 (791) | 61.2 (517) | 89.5 (1738) | 111.0 (1096) |
 Age, sex-adjusted HR (95% CI) | NA | 1.46 (1.30–1.65) | 1.27 (1.17–1.38) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) |
 Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)a | NA | 1.34 (1.17–1.52)b | 1.19 (1.08–1.30)b | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) |