Fig. 2

Associations between the frailty phenotype, the frailty index, and severe COVID-19 infection by subgroups. Data presented as RRs with their 95% CIs using Poisson regression analyses. Robust individuals were used as the reference group for the frailty phenotype and the frailty index. All the analyses were adjusted by age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, smoking, and alcohol intake when these were not the subgroup used