Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 1533)
All subjects (n = 1533) | Tertiles of MMA | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tertile 1 (n = 511) | Tertile 2 (n = 511) | Tertile 3 (n = 511) | |||
MMA (nmol/L) | 170 (138–216) | ≤ 148 | 148–196 | ≥ 196 | – |
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | 290 (224–362) | 332 (264–416) | 295 (231–356) | 240 (190–309) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 84 (74–91) | 86 (77–92) | 83 (75–91) | 81 (69–90) | < 0.001 |
Demographics | |||||
Male sex (n, %) | 769 (50) | 254 (50) | 252 (50) | 263 (51) | 0.8 |
Age (years) | 65 (62–69) | 64 (62–68) | 65 (62–69) | 65 (63–69) | < 0.001 |
Education | < 0.001 | ||||
Low (n, %) | 761 (50) | 228 (45) | 242 (47) | 291 (57) | |
High (n, %) | 772 (50) | 283 (55) | 269 (53) | 220 (43) | |
Smoking (n, %) | 183 (12) | 55 (11) | 62 (12) | 66 (13) | 0.6 |
Alcohol consumption | 0.9 | ||||
Non-drinker (n, %) | 242 (16) | 79 (15) | 84 (16) | 79 (15) | |
≤ 1 drink/day (n, %) | 552 (36) | 185 (36) | 190 (37) | 177 (35) | |
1–2 drinks/day (n, %) | 309 (20) | 114 (22) | 101 (20) | 94 (18) | |
> 2 drinks/day (n, %) | 174 (11) | 63 (12) | 61 (12) | 50 (10) | |
Diabetes (n, %) | 156 (10) | 58 (11) | 42 (8) | 56 (11) | 0.2 |
History of CVD (n, %) | 186 (12) | 58 (11) | 65 (13) | 63 (12) | 0.8 |
Clinical measurements | |||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (24.1–29.4) | 26.1 (24.1–29.1) | 26.5 (24.0–29.3) | 26.3 (24.1–29.8) | 0.5 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134 ± 18 | 134 ± 17 | 134 ± 17 | 135 ± 18 | 0.6 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 76 ± 10 | 0.2 |
Laboratory parameters | |||||
Hb (mmol/L) | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 0.6 |
MCV (fL) | 91 ± 4 | 91 ± 4 | 91 ± 4 | 91 ± 4 | 0.7 |
Total cholesterol-HDL ratio | 3.5 (2.9–4.3) | 3.5 (2.9–4.4) | 3.5 (3.0–4.3) | 3.5 (2.9–4.4) | 0.9 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.4 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 75 (66–85) | 73 (64–84) | 75 (66–84) | 78 (67–88) | < 0.001 |
Total homocysteine (μmol/L) | 13 (11–15) | 12 (11–14) | 13 (11–15) | 14 (12–17) | < 0.001 |
Medication | |||||
Vitamin supplements (n, %) | 173 (11) | 71 (14) | 58 (11) | 44 (9) | 0.03 |