From: Estimating the burden of iron deficiency among African children
 | Kenya | Uganda | Burkina Faso | South Africa | The Gambia | Pooled* | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | n/total | % | 95% CI | n/total | % | 95% CI | n/total | % | 95% CI | n/total | % | 95% CI | n/total | % | 95% CI | n/total | % | 95% CI |
 Iron deficiency†| 499/1408 | 35.4 | 32.9, 37.9 | 438/1267 | 34.6 | 31.9, 37.2 | 115/324 | 35.5 | 30.3, 40.7 | 375/894 | 41.9 | 38.7, 45.2 | 163/752 | 21.7 | 18.7, 24.6 | 1590/4645 | 34.2 | 32.9, 35.6 |
 Anemia‡ | 609/870 | 70.0 | 66.9, 73.1 | 652/1312 | 49.7 | 47.0, 52.4 | 288/331 | 87.0 | 83.4, 90.6 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 448/746 | 60.1 | 56.5, 63.6 | 1997/3259 | 61.3 | 59.6, 62.9 |
 Iron deficiency anemia§ | 207/833 | 24.8 | 21.9, 27.8 | 255/1209 | 21.1 | 18.8, 19.8 | 96/309 | 31.1 | 25.9, 36.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 123/745 | 16.5 | 13.8, 19.2 | 681/3096 | 22.0 | 20.5, 23.5 |
Biomarker | n | Mean | 95% CI | n | Mean | 95% CI | n | Mean | 95% CI | n | Mean | 95% CI | n | Mean | 95% CI | n | Mean | 95% CI |
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 870 | 10.2 | 10.1, 10.3 | 1312 | 9.1 | 9.0, 9.2 | 331 | 9.6 | 9.4, 9.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 746 | 10.7 | 10.6, 10.8 | 3259 | 10.5 | 10.5, 10.6 |
 Ferritin, μg/L | 1408 | 21.8 | 20.6, 23.1 | 1267 | 20.8 | 19.6, 22.0 | 324 | 22.2 | 19.7, 24.9 | 894 | 14.9 | 14.0, 15.9 | 752 | 25.1 | 23.6, 26.8 | 4645 | 20.5 | 19.9, 21.1 |
 sTfR, mg/L | 1467 | 17.9 | 17.5, 18.3 | 1343 | 6.7 | 6.5, 7.0 | 342 | 17.7 | 16.7, 18.7 | 893 | 11.2 | 10.9, 11.5 | 661 | 3.4 | 3.4, 3.5 | 4045 | 11.7 | 11.4, 11.9 |
 Hepcidin, μg/L | 1373 | 5.8 | 5.4, 6.2 | 1333 | 6.8 | 6.4, 7.2 | 309 | 5.3 | 4.6, 6.3 | 878 | 7.7 | 7.1, 8.4 | 709 | 6.0 | 5.3, 6.7 | 4602 | 6.4 | 6.2, 6.6 |
 BIS, mg/kg** | 1393 | −0.8 | −1.0, −0.5 | 1241 | 2.5 | 2.2, 2.8 | 322 | −0.6 | −1.1, −0.1 | 893 | −0.4 | −0.7, −0.2 | 660 | 5.7 | 5.4, 6.0 | 3849 | 0.4 | 0.2, 0.5 |
 Ferritin index††| 1389 | 14.4 | 13.9, 14.9 | 1234 | 5.5 | 5.3, 5.8 | 322 | 13.9 | 12.8, 15.1 | 881 | 10.1 | 9.7, 10.6 | 660 | 2.6 | 2.5, 2.7 | 3826 | 9.7 | 9.5, 10.0 |
 Serum iron, μmol/L | 1428 | 6.5 | 6.3, 6.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 337 | 6.0 | 5.7, 6.4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 737 | 8.6 | 8.3, 8.9 | 1765 | 6.4 | 6.2, 6.6 |
 Transferrin, g/L | 1409 | 2.8 | 2.7, 2.8 | 1333 | 2.8 | 2.6, 2.7 | 327 | 2.7 | 2.6, 2.8 | 894 | 2.7 | 2.7, 2.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3963 | 2.8 | 2.7, 2.8 |
 TSAT, %‡‡ | 1386 | 9.4 | 9.0, 9.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 325 | 8.9 | 8.3, 9.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 734 | 12.8 | 12.3, 13.3 | 1711 | 9.3 | 9.0, 9.6 |
 ZPP, μmol/mol heme | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 751 | 85.9 | 82.4, 89.5 | 751 | 85.9 | 82.4, 89.5 |
 MCV, fL | 499 | 65.7 | 65.0, 66.5 | 1305 | 71.0 | 70.6, 71.5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 741 | 75.6 | 75.1, 76.1 | 2545 | 71.2 | 70.9, 71.6 |