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Fig. 1 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 1

From: When a pandemic and an epidemic collide: COVID-19, gut microbiota, and the double burden of malnutrition

Fig. 1

A proposed biological and environmental view of COVID-19 and DBM interaction. From the top: SARS-CoV-2 modulates the gut microbiota composition leading to reduced diversity, richness, and beneficial species and enrichment of proinflammatory species. DBM show similar gut microbiota signature and physiology, thus predisposing to SARS-CoV-2 severity. COVID-19 also impacts food insecurity driving both starvation and consumption of ultra-processed foods, resulting in leading to stunting, wasting, and obesity. This negative looped interaction impacts the gut microbiome and weight driving the double burden of malnutrition. Created with BioRender.com

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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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