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Table 5 Health worker and patient cost by disease condition based on measured time involvement (US$ 2020). Mean costs and 95% confidence intervals are given in parentheses

From: Patient and health provider costs of integrated HIV, diabetes and hypertension ambulatory health services in low-income settings — an empirical socio-economic cohort study in Tanzania and Uganda

Provider

HIV only

Diabetes

Hypertension

HIV + diabetes

HIV + hypertension

Diabetes + hypertension

HIV + diabetes + hypertension

Clinician

$1.70 (1.49, 2.08)

$1.96 (1.49, 2.37)

$1.59 (1.32, 2.00)

$1.92 (1.68, 2.18)

$1.82 (1.41, 2.59)

$1.45 (1.16, 1.69)

$2.25 (1.52, 2.81)

Technician

$0.43 (0.33, 0.60)

$0.79 (0.55, 1.16)

$0.41 (0.20, 0.61)

$0.60 (0.54, 0.71)

$0.76 (0.55, 0.93)

$0.59 (0.43, 0.96)

$1.05 (0.55, 1.61)

Nurse

$0.54 (0.35, 0.71)

$0.56 (0.36, 0.74)

$0.44 (0.26, 0.65)

$0.48 (0.36, 0.55)

$0.99 (0.49, 1.58)

$0.32 (0.20, 0.45)

$0.49 (0.42, 0.56)

Pharmacist

$0.34 (0.23, 0.43)

$0.58 (0.30, 0.78)

$0.50 (0.41, 0.63)

$0.37 (0.15, 0.76)

$0.49 (0.27, 0.99)

$0.34 (0.15, 0.51)

$0.16 (0.12, 0.21)

Triage

$0.93 (0.56, 1.37)

$0.96 (0.62, 1.44)

$0.71 (0.47, 0.90)

$0.41 (0.18, 0.61)

$0.92 (0.35, 2.35)

$0.50 (0.33, 0.75)

$1.72 (0.30, 2.60)

Patient

$1.42 (0.85, 2.42)

$1.26 (1.13, 1.47)

$1.86 (1.35, 2.91)

$1.44 (0.95, 2.13)

$1.05 (0.67, 1.37)

$1.57 (1.17, 2.42)

$1.59 (0.99, 2.63)