Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to patient clusters

Age, years Median [IQR]

73 [65–78]

65 [56–72]

73 [66–78]

< .001

Age classes, n (%)

< .001

 < 65 years

865 (23.8)

1351 (48.7)

659 (22.3)

 65–74 years

1216 (33.5)

910 (32.8)

1039 (35.2)

 75–84 years

1282 (35.3)

441 (15.9)

1068 (36.1)

 ≥ 85 years

271 (7.5)

72 (2.6)

189 (6.4)

Females, n (%)

1604 (44.1)

964 (34.8)

1138 (38.5)

< .001

Overweight/obese, n (%)

755 (20.8)

1666 (60.1)

1619 (54.8)

< .001

Smoking habit, n (%)

1218 (33.5)

996 (35.9)

947 (32.0)

0.008

Alcohol habit, n (%)

1088 (33.7)

1004 (41.0)

786 (29.8)

< 0.001

Reason for admission, n (%)

< .001

 AF

2427 (66.8)

2299 (82.9)

1571 (53.2)

 Other CV

1034 (28.5)

400 (14.4)

1221 (41.3)

 Other non-CV

173 (4.8)

75 (2.7)

163 (5.5)

Site of admission, n (%)

< .001

 Hospital facility

1783 (49.1)

1261 (45.5)

1650 (55.8)

 Outpatient facility

1851 (50.9)

1513 (54.5)

1305 (44.2)

Type of AF, n (%) 9360

< .001

 First detected

547 (15.1)

532 (19.2)

373 (12.6)

 Paroxysmal

936 (25.8)

865 (31.2)

692 (23.4)

 Persistent

693 (19.1)

641 (23.1)

496 (16.8)

 Long-standing persistent

143 (3.9)

114 (4.1)

134 (4.5)

 Permanent

1256 (34.6)

577 (20.8)

1210 (41.0)

 Unknown

58 (1.6)

44 (1.6)

49 (1.7)

CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, median [IQR] 9358

3 [2–4]

2 [1–3]

4 [3–5]

< .001

CHA₂DS₂-VASc quartiles, n (%)

< .001

 Q1 (0–2)

1253 (34.5)

1834 (66.2)

520 (17.6)

 Q2 (3)

887 (24.4)

483 (17.4)

598 (20.3)

 Q3 (4)

777 (21.4)

312 (11.3)

734 (24.9)

 Q4 (≥ 5)

716 (19.7)

143 (5.2)

1101 (37.3)

High TE risk, n (%) 9358

2865 (78.9)

1351 (48.7)

2771 (93.8)

< .001

HAS-BLED score, median [IQR]

2 [1–2]

1 [0–2]

2 [1–3]

< .001

High bleeding risk, n (%)

616 (17.0)

172 (6.2)

809 (27.4)

< .001

EHRA score, median [IQR] 9362

2 [1–2]

2 [1–2]

2 [1–2]

.002

EHRA II-IV, n (%) 9362

1892 (52.1)

1613 (58.2)

1536 (52.0)

< .001

Previous stroke, n (%)

358 (9.9)

40 (1.4)

157 (5.3)

< .001

Previous thromboembolic events, n (%)

529 (14.6)

193 (7.0)

325 (11.0)

< .001

Hypertension, n (%)

2230 (61.4)

1253 (45.2)

2266 (76.7)

< .001

Heart failure, n (%)

1327 (36.5)

419 (15.1)

1658 (56.1)

< .001

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

297 (8.2)

177 (6.4)

1613 (54.6)

< .001

Lipid disorder, n (%)

1356 (38.4)

874 (32.5)

1512 (52.5)

< .001

Congenital heart disease, n (%)

50 (1.4)

24 (0.9)

29 (1.0)

.24

Valvular disease, n (%)

2200 (60.5)

615 (22.2)

1724 (58.3)

< .001

CAD, n (%)

1093 (30.1)

273 (9.8)

1311 (44.4)

< .001

CIED implant, n (%)

364 (10.2)

166 (6.1)

400 (13.7)

< 0.001

Chronic kidney disease, n (%)

138 (3.8)

58 (2.1)

911 (30.8)

< .001

History of bleeding, n (%)

311 (8.6)

23 (0.8)

156 (5.3)

< .001

COPD, n (%)

446 (12.3)

80 (2.9)

267 (9.0)

< .001

Anaemia, n (%)

176 (4.8)

14 (0.5)

268 (9.1)

< .001

Predisposition to bleeding, n (%)

76 (2.1)

18 (0.6)

81 (2.7)

< .001

Peripheral arterial disease, n (%)

297 (8.2)

131 (4.7)

318 (10.8)

< .001

Liver disease, n (%)

125 (3.4)

17 (0.6)

79 (2.7)

< .001

OSAS, n (%)

83 (2.3)

230 (8.3)

127 (4.3)

< .001

Neoplasm, n (%)

513 (14.1)

40 (1.4)

162 (5.5)

< .001

Hyperthyroidism, n (%)

305 (8.4)

47 (1.7)

84 (2.8)

< .001

Hypothyroidism, n (%)

509 (14.0)

49 (1.8)

334 (11.3)

< .001

Multi-morbidity, n (%)

3151 (86.9)

1312 (47.3)

2877 (97.6)

< .001

Comorbidities, N Median [IQR]

3 [2–4]

1 [0–2]

4 [3–6]

Comorbidities quartiles, n (%)

< .001

 Q1 (0–2)

1289 (35.5)

2134 (76.9)

337 (11.4)

 Q2 (3)

901 (24.8)

313 (11.3)

518 (17.6)

 Q3 (4–5)

1024 (28.2)

272 (9.8)

1174 (39.8)

 Q4 (≥ 6)

414 (11.4)

55 (2.0)

918 (31.2)

Frailty, n (%)

571 (16.5)

185 (7.0)

1003 (35.5)

< .001

Polypharmacy, n (%) 9301

1801 (49.9)

941 (34.1)

2162 (73.7)

< .001

Drugs, N Median [IQR]

4 [3–6]

4 [2–5]

6 [4–7]

Drug quartiles, n (%)

< .001

 Q1 (0–3)

1053 (29.2)

1272 (46.2)

345 (11.8)

 Q2 (4–5)

1457 (40.3)

1018 (36.9)

1034 (35.2)

 Q3 (6)

564 (15.6)

264 (9.6)

589 (20.1)

 Q4 (≥ 7)

537 (14.9)

202 (7.3)

966 (32.9)