Metabolite profiles and the risk of metabolic syndrome in early childhood: a case-control study

Table 4 Associations of fasting serum metabolites to the IDEFICS MetS score in young children

	Adjustment for screen time exposure, diet quality score, physical activity, sleep time, and maternal social disadvantage index				Adjustment for screen time exposure, diet quality score, physical activity, sleep time, maternal social disadvantage index, sex and age
Metabolite	Estimate	SE	z value	p-	Estimate	SE	z value	p-
Glucose^a	0.64	0.095	6.70	3.9e−11^b	0.65	0.095	6.80	3.50e−11^b
Alanine^a	0.56	0.097	5.76	1.3e−10^b	0.55	0.098	5.62	3.41e−08^b
Tyrosine^a	0.42	0.098	4.25	2.1e−5^b	0.41	0.099	4.16	3.87e−05^b
Threonine^a	0.35	0.099	3.57	4.2e−4^b	0.34	0.10	3.42	0.001
Carnitine^a	0.41	0.097	4.17	3.4e−5^b	0.41	0.098	4.19	3.35e−05^b
Tryptophan^a	− 0.36	0.099	− 3.59	4.6e−4^b	− 0.36	0.099	− 3.62	3.2e−4^b
Acetylcarnitine	− 0.42	0.098	− 4.26	3.1e−5^b	− 0.42	0.098	− 4.23	2.92e−05^b
Hydroxybutyric acids	− 0.38	0.098	− 3.89	2.1e−4^b	− 0.39	0.098	− 3.96	8.64e−05^b
Methionine	0.34	0.099	3.44	0.001	0.32	0.10	3.24	0.001
Proline	0.32	0.10	3.15	0.002	0.31	0.10	3.06	0.002
Arginine	0.30	0.10	2.95	0.003	0.29	0.10	2.86	0.004
Monomethylarginine^a	0.29	0.10	2.79	0.006	0.30	0.10	2.85	0.005
Glutamic acid	0.27	0.10	2.72	0.007	0.26	0.10	2.57	0.011
Unknown 129.066	− 0.27	0.10	− 2.62	0.009	− 0.26	0.10	− 2.57	0.011
Glutamine/glutamate^a	− 0.25	0.10	− 2.53	0.012	− 0.25	0.10	− 2.44	0.015
Lysine^a	0.23	0.10	2.26	0.024	0.22	0.10	2.12	0.035
3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid	− 0.22	0.099	− 2.26	0.024	− 0.22	0.099	− 2.24	0.026

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